tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-81768857497080945522024-02-20T17:28:05.284-08:00Buy custom essays onlineHow To Choose Topic For Technical PaperCoraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-68191741079004559572020-08-28T06:40:00.001-07:002020-08-28T06:40:04.868-07:00Why was there an economic crisis in Germany in 1923 Essay ExampleFor what reason was there a monetary emergency in Germany in 1923 Paper There are a few causes to the monetary emergency in Germany in 1923. The Great War contributed incredibly to this, yet Germanys issues had started even before the War had begun. In 1914 the German Government chose to fall off of the Gold Standard. This was a framework wherein each monetary certificate had a proportionate whole of gold, kept in the vaults of the German Central Bank. You could go to the bank and would have the option to trade your note for gold, in spite of the fact that individuals would regularly utilize the notes to purchase things, similar to an IOU, as it was simpler to do this than to utilize bits of gold. At the point when the First World War started in 1914, Germany required more cash to pay for food and weapons. The German Government found that the most effortless approach to acquire more cash was to print more notes. This diminished the genuine estimation of the cash, as there was more cash available for use. During the War there were food deficiencies, this implied there was too barely any merchandise to purchase for the measure of cash that there was available for use. We can see that expansion happened, in light of the uncommon fall in the estimation of cash. In January 1921, there were 64 imprints to the dollar, by November 1923; this sum had risen radically to 4. trillion imprints to the dollar! Expansion had been happening since 1914, so was a drawn out reason for the financial emergency. At the point when Germany lost the Great War to the partners, they needed to concur with the provisions of the bargain of Versailles. One of the provisions of this settlement was that Germany needed to lose land to France, Belgium, Denmark, Poland and the League of Nations. While losing this land, the German Government lost the expense pay from it. The expense pay could have assisted with paying the reparations of à £6,600 million, which was additionally a term of the Treaty of Versailles. We will compose a custom article test on Why was there a financial emergency in Germany in 1923 explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Why was there a monetary emergency in Germany in 1923 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Why was there a monetary emergency in Germany in 1923 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Purposes behind the monetary emergency, including the Treaty of Versailles were momentary causes since they happened out of nowhere, instead of over an extensive stretch of time. The land lost contained 14% of arable farmland. It created food and work for the encompassing zone. There was currently even less food, making the issue of food deficiencies much more dreadful. This land additionally contained 74% of Germanys iron metal, 68% of her zinc mineral and 26% of her coal-a large portion of the countrys riches. Germany couldn't stand to pay her reparations. This was connected to the attack of the Ruhr. The Treaty of Versailles additionally implied that Germany needed to diminish its military to 100,000 men. As France no longer felt as unequivocally under danger by the German armed force and needed their reparations settled up, they felt that they could attack the Ruhr. The Ruhr is the most industrialized piece of Germany. Poincarre, the French chief, sent in five divisions of French officers to procure the reparations they were owed. A division of Belgian fighters went along with them. They expected to assume responsibility for the German industrial facilities and mines around there. All products created would be dispatched off to France, until the reparations owed to the French were paid. This was a momentary reason to the monetary emergency, as it just occurred over only days and weeks, in contrast to swelling, which was happening for quite a long time. Germany could never really stop this. This made Germany embarrassed, particularly subsequent to losing the War and concurring with the details of the Treaty of Versailles too. The Government requested uninvolved obstruction. The French had nobody to work for them as the Ruhr laborers were requested to take to the streets. They were requested to decline to co-work with the occupiers. The French at that point kicked 150,000 German laborers out of the Ruhr. They fled as outcasts. This created one more issue for the previously enduring Government and individuals of Germany. How might they stand to take care of, dress and house the evacuees? All their cash was at that point being utilized to pay reparations, how might they manage the cost of this? These issues were explained, however by causing another issue. It appeared that the best way to conquer the issue of the displaced people was to print more cash. The cash available for use currently was developing incredibly and the average cost for basic items was expanding. The monetary emergency was an endless loop, by taking care of one issue they were making another. It appeared just as it was never going to end. In spite of the fact that there were numerous foundations for the monetary emergency, I accept that one had a greater effect than the others. The Great War, the expenses of which were cosmic, both during and after. The War expanded the impact of swelling, as the Government printed more notes to attempt to adapt to the issues the War was bringing, in this manner diminishing the worth and exacerbating issues. After the War, the Treaty of Versailles delivered numerous troubles. The entirety of the issues brought about by this connected with one another and afterward back to swelling. The German monetary emergency was unavoidable on the grounds that the Government didn't realize that falling off of the Gold Standard would cause expansion it would occur, they figured it would be better, not more regrettable. They couldn't have forestalled the Treaty of Versailles as they lost the War. They didnt intentionally lose the War to cause themselves problems,the issues were inescapable. The monetary emergency was in the works, Germany couldn't have halted it! Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-34252994645054650952020-08-22T14:41:00.001-07:002020-08-22T14:41:21.499-07:00Cameron Mackintosh's contribution to the development of the EssayCameron Mackintosh's commitment to the advancement of the megamusical - Essay Example This paper further features the inheritance of Mackintoshââ¬â¢s change of melodic performance center through the expanding significance connected to the promoting of megamusicals; which thus has fuelled banter regarding the repercussions of the megamusical for the melodic as a work of art rather than a corporate controlled cash spinner. In considering Mackintoshââ¬â¢s commitment to the megamusical, it is basic to consider the contemporary system for the matter of theater creation in Londonââ¬â¢s West End and Broadway. For instance, in the event that we relevantly consider the auditorium advertise in the West End, late hit appears from the Sound of Music to Joseph have driven the inversion in fortune of West End theaters, which had endured a pattern in declining ticket income and benefits in the most recent decade. In January 2008, the Society of London Theater reported a record breaking year in 2007 with more than 13.6 million theatergoers creating all out tickets deals of nearly à £470 million, passing the à £400 million imprint just because. Besides, the Societyââ¬â¢s Chief official Richard Pulford refered to the income measurements as a ââ¬Å"annus mirabilisâ⬠for London theater, expressing that ââ¬Å"these figures are a great beginning to our centennial year however weââ¬â¢re under no fantasies that weââ¬â¢re must make a solid effort to keep up this successâ⬠(Maev Kennedy., 2008). Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-5786138975422390082020-08-21T12:23:00.001-07:002020-08-21T12:23:37.649-07:00Strategic Change Management in Larnaca General Hospital AssignmentKey Change Management in Larnaca General Hospital - Assignment Example The medical clinic was set up in the year 1984 (Larnaca General Hospital, 2012). The emergency clinic has been based upon the land which has a place with the ââ¬Å"Church Committee of the Monastery of St. George Kontosâ⬠. Church board gave the land to medical clinic authority during mid 1980ââ¬â¢s. Service of Health gave a gift to emergency clinic expert so as to manufacture the social insurance unit. The emergency clinic was opened on 24th April 1985 by Spyros Kyprianou (previous leader of Cyprus during that time). Financing Situation Various philanthropic associations, for example, Anti-Cancer Society of Cyprus and Cyprus Association of Cancer Patients and Ministry of Health will give a store to bosom wellbeing focus of Larnaca general clinic. There won't be some other partners aside from referenced charitable associations. Statement of purpose In understanding with the Directorate of Nursing Services the medical clinic makes progress toward improving nursing care consiste ntly. As indicated by the directorate, they need valuable collaboration just as interest from medical attendants during troublesome and complex social insurance circumstance so as to accomplish the mission objective. Change Situation Breast Health Center Breast malignancy has developed as a poisonous sickness for ladies in most recent fifteen years and measurements show that in the nation of Cyprus number of ladies influenced by bosom disease has been expanded pointedly as of late. There are three significant malignant growth avoidance activities, for example, Anti-Cancer society, Cyprus Association of Cancer Patients and Friends are available in the nation. In the locale of Larnaca, there are no extraordinary communities for watching beginning indications of bosom malignancy in spite of the fact that it is an approach to forestall the illness in beginning times. It is exceptionally elusive precise and legitimate medicinal services information of the Cypriot populace because of seve re government rules. A report distributed by CYSTAT or Statistical Service of Cyprus shows that various ladies kicking the bucket because of bosom malignancy are generally high as opposed to different illnesses. The factual report shows that over 32% of ladies are experiencing bosom malignancies. The accompanying chart can be utilized so as to comprehend the seriousness of bosom disease in the nation. (Source: Golna et al., 2004) The Larnaca General Hospital needs to set up bosom wellbeing focus so as to diminish pressure and apprehension related with starter phases of bosom malignant growth. The investigation shows that 1109 Cypriot ladies were determined to have bosom malignant growth during the timespan of 1999-2005. The examination additionally shows that almost 400 instances of bosom malignancy are accounted for by ladies while 90% of cases get enlisted by clinic authorities. In spite of the fact that malignancy patients get treatment from Bank of Cyprus Oncology Center of Nico sia not many individuals in Larnaca area have the entrance to such offices. Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-75671778999227587852020-05-26T18:41:00.001-07:002020-05-26T18:41:02.241-07:00Issue Analysis Essay Topics - How to Choose a Topic That Will Help You Find Your FocusIssue Analysis Essay Topics - How to Choose a Topic That Will Help You Find Your FocusWhen you are writing your issue analysis essay topics you will need to do some research. In order to be able to do this you need to be able to recognize the most current issues affecting society. Once you have identified the current issues that you will be writing about, you will then need to do a little research on them to determine the value of the information that you will be providing.You should also realize that you will not be writing a term paper for an exam so your essay topic needs to be very focused. Remember that your essay topic will be on issues that you will be discussing in your academic career and it is important that you do not get distracted by the idea of writing a term paper or getting a grade for an essay.There are two basic types of issue analysis essay topics that you will need to know about: statistical analysis and biographical and historical data. Before you begin writing, it is important that you understand what each of these topics entails. As an example, a topic on statistical analysis covers many topics such as trend lines, distributions, indicators, how to interpret them, probabilities, and regression analysis. This type of topic will be easy to write because you will be reviewing several examples which you can use to help define the issue you are writing about.Research and investigation are also essential when writing about statistical analysis and research. You will need to include details such as why you chose the statistics you used, how you determined the data, and what exactly you found out from your research. After you have finished researching and are done with the first part of your topic, you will need to add details to your research based on the findings. Although it may seem tedious at first, it is important that you keep up with the topic you are writing so that you don't get confused when you go back to read your paper.Next, you wil l need to consider whether or not you are qualified to give your opinion on the topic that you are writing about. If you do not feel qualified to write about a particular topic, it is important that you find a topic that you can write about it well. However, if you do feel that you have an understanding of the subject matter and have a good idea of the perspective of the people involved, you can write about it and you will most likely be confident in your opinions.It is also important that you are clear about what you are going to write about when you are writing about an issue. Do not overstate your points, but do remember that you are only writing about a single issue. The goal is to provide information so you can provide ideas and discuss the issues with others. In addition, do not mention any other details about the issue, such as where you learned your information about the issue.When you are writing about issue analysis essay topics, you will find that you have a lot of readin g material to use. Although you will find this information useful, the one thing that you should not do is to plagiarize. If you do, you will find that your professor will be annoyed at you will not be able to maintain good grades. Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-18753615568683974992020-05-16T03:06:00.001-07:002020-05-16T03:06:07.565-07:00The Raft of the Medusa and the Roots of Romanticism The transition from Neoclassicism to Romanticism arose from a desire for freedom of thought. Romantics truly believed that the pathway to freedom was through imagination rather than logic and functioned based on emotion rather than on cognition. The Romantic Movement recognized passion and sentiment as genuine sources of aesthetic experience, and placed a new emphasis on sensations such as apprehension, awe, horror and the sublimity of untamed nature. Thà ©odore Gà ©ricault, who is most famously known for The Raft of the Medusa, was a prominent French painter and one of the most influential pioneers of the Romantic Movement. In The Raft of the Medusa, Gà ©ricault, unlike most artists during this stylistic time period, rejected the Neoclassicalâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In addition, because Gà ©ricault studied the human anatomy very closely throughout his lifetime, he was able to outline the passengersââ¬â¢ bodies in The Raft of the Medusa with intricacy. Ultimately, Gà © ricault was able to configure the passengersââ¬â¢ precise muscle definitions and skin tones through his meticulous use of oil, pigment, chalk, varnish and wax (ââ¬Å"Gà ©ricaultââ¬â¢s Expensesâ⬠638). In addition, the dimensionality and accurate portioning of the humansââ¬â¢ bodies enhances the sceneââ¬â¢s intensity. This Romantic appreciation for histrionics and naturalism greatly differs from the ideals supported during the Neoclassical Period. The Neoclassical Period renewed an admiration for the classical antiquity, which incorporated the subjects of ancient art. For example, in comparison to Angelica Kauffmanââ¬â¢s Mother of the Gracchi, the skin definition and tone differences are evident. In Kauffmanââ¬â¢s piece, the characters display unnaturally smooth and relatively undefined complexions. However, in The Raft of the Medusa, the characters exhibit defined, and properly positioned and configured bodies in relation to another. Thus, Gà ©ricaultââ¬â ¢s appreciation of human anatomy and configuration creates a naturalistic and lifelike scene within the painting. In The Raft of the Medusa, the most crucial aspect in relation to Romanticism is the incorporation of intense emotion as an authentic source of Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-90407576217010099652020-05-06T17:21:00.001-07:002020-05-06T17:21:17.936-07:00Essay on Analyzing the Details of Friendship - 2497 Words Who is a friend? Imagine your sole confidante, childhood playmate, personal comedian and physiologist disclosing your secrets to a stranger. Unfortunately, this stranger happens to be the person who enforce a form of punishment for the actions that were once a secret. Furthermore, this confidante is considered your friend. Does an instance of this friend disclosing your secret of immoral activities to a person of authority violate the success of the friendship? In fact, this act is not a violation of the laws of friendship. The ideas of friendship are subjective, and thus where you might think your friendââ¬â¢s actions are unjust, your friend is actually looking out for your best interest and security. Also, a good friend would not desireâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Aristotle highlighted the importance of friendship through various practices and concepts, such as utility and virtue. Virtuous practices were believed to enhance the friendship and encourage happiness among the participants (Kraut 6 4). Unfortunately, a friend whose behavior and practices are malevolent causes a rift in the practice of Aristotleââ¬â¢s principles. Therefore, to preserve the friendship and to protect oneââ¬â¢s friend, one must do all that is possible to cease his or her friendââ¬â¢s actions. The pleasures gained from enjoying anotherââ¬â¢s company in a friendship vary in age, gender and, even more specifically, in individuals. Where a young child may experience a strong liking for his or her companionââ¬â¢s presence on multiple occasions, an adult will be content with one solid interaction. The transition from childhood to adulthood also alters the level of comfort one feels within a friendship. As one ages, one becomes more sensitive to the actions of those around them and will quickly eliminate a friend if his or her doings are not favored. (Doyle, Smith 5) This assessment is a clear indication of how Aristotle emphasizes the benefit of comfort in a relationship Based on Aristotleââ¬â¢s theory, if oneââ¬â¢s mental and physical comfort is affected by the unfavorable actions of his or her friend, then how can the company of the friend be enjoyed? When individuals share a level of respect and comfort, they repeatedly partakeShow MoreRelatedBook Eight And Nine Of Nicomachean Ethics1698 Words à |à 7 Pages Aristotle discusses the variations of friendships that are present in human nature. He further goes into detail on the terms and grounds on forming these friendships. I will be analyzing the different types of friendship discussed in Aristotleââ¬â¢s Ethics and answer the difficulties and obstacles present in trying to achieve the perfect friendship, the friendship based on goodness. The beginning of Book eight of the Nicomachean Ethics states that friendship is a ââ¬Å"kind of virtue and it is also mostRead MoreEssay about The Third Man, Historical Analysis1550 Words à |à 7 Pagesto Vienna to work by his childhood friend, Harry Lime: It is their friendship that illustrates the disparity in the post World War II era, it describes the deception in people, the lack of morality, and friendship: the underlying plot and theme of the film in The Third Man. 1) How do the producers utilize the setting to make the audience feel the hopelessness in Post-War era, to accent the themes of deception, friendship, and morality in the film? 2) How does the characterizationRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1326 Words à |à 6 Pagespopularity contest, where we add people just too have more friends on the list than our neighbor. However, true friends are not usually acquired on Facebook. According to the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle believes that a real friendship is for its own sake and Facebook friendship concentrate much on amusement and utility. Most people that have a Facebook account have approximately more than 100 friends. Each of those people has a particular relation to each other in one way or another. To some we talkRead MoreThe Magic Of A Family Meal By Ellen Goodman1260 Words à |à 6 Pagesdemonstrates the negative effects of making oneââ¬â¢s profession a priority over oneââ¬â¢s personal life and relationships. Marion Winik in ââ¬Å"What Are Friends For?â⬠details the variety and opportunities one has to make friends throughout life. Best friends can persevere through hardships and distance as written in ââ¬Å"Friends Foreverâ⬠by Barbara Hagen. Analyzing these articles substantiated that family and friends are essential to a happy life. ââ¬Å"The Magic of a Family Mealâ⬠by Nancy Gibbs is an enlightening articleRead MoreInterpersonal Essay Based on a Movie840 Words à |à 4 Pagesrelationship from itââ¬â¢s infancy to an ending. In the movie we can clearly identify all ten stages of this model. Stage # 1 - Initiating According to the Knapp model, the beginning of every relationshipââ¬âespecially an intimate, romantic or close friendshipââ¬âbegins with the initiation stage. This stage involves the initial contact with another person. In the movie the stage of initiation begins when Harry and Sally meet for the first time and prepare to share a day travelling together in Sallyââ¬â¢s carRead MoreThe Is A Common Game1394 Words à |à 6 PagesAs the game goes along, the tower becomes more fragile with every block taken. Finally, all that is left is the strong blocks holding the tower together in place. This is where the most harmful lies come in; the bigger lies make the tower of our friendships and relationships come tumbling down. In our world, we consider honesty a firm building block in all of our relationships, yet honesty seems to be twisted into something that itââ¬â¢s not. We are losing sight of honestyââ¬â¢s actual meaning: telling theRead MoreSimilarities Of Plato And Aristotle1617 Words à |à 7 Pagesobjective and universal. Additionally Plato also connects it to the gods and how it is also good to the society, the audience acknowledges this when reading, ââ¬Å"Truth is the beginning to every good to the gods, and every good to the manâ⬠. When analyzing in detail more the philosophers and their writings the lector acknowledges that learning from all the truths helps build the indubitable Truth. When reading ââ¬Å"The Republicâ⬠and many quotes mentioned from Aristotle the reader can interpretRead MoreA Research Study On Hot Spot Policing Essay1663 Words à |à 7 Pagesdifferent hot spot enforcements techniques or applications in one study. One hot spot area received a more standard heavy presence of marked patrol cars otherwise known as a saturation detail and the other area was exposed to a problem-oriented policing technique that focused on law enforcement officers analyzing the problem in the area and developing a more customized corrective action for each problem. At the end of the experiment the results showed an overall decrease in crime in the patrol saturationRead MoreReflection Essay1256 Words à |à 6 Pageswould be able to understand it. à à à During the ethnographic writing, I was faced with the idea of evaluating, analyzing, and synthesizing data from my sources. I used evaluating in my writing to identify whether or not the source would be useful in my paper. This process also helped when making sure I wasnââ¬â¢t using the same information over and over again throughout my paper. Analyzing allowed me to really think about the information I was finding and being able to fully break down the text intoRead MoreEach Short Chapter Story Written By Junot Diaz Presents1428 Words à |à 6 PagesEach short chapter story written by Junot Diaz presents different key ideas and themes that can easily be identified when reading and analyzing important details contained in his short personal fiction. To begin with, language is one of the important key themes that Junot Diaz focuses on his story. Throughout the chapters, one is able to see a combination of words that contain a mixture of slang in both English and Spani sh. Likewise, in his short stories, Diaz includes a variety of Spanish words Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-43858638158687736052020-05-05T21:05:00.001-07:002020-05-05T21:05:13.096-07:00Religion Was a Central Topic of Debate free essay sample The central meaning of the word ââ¬Ëreligionââ¬â¢ is in fact simply the way in which shared beliefs, established regulations, rules, or bonds of obligation among the members of a communityââ¬â¢. Based on this definition, religion provides people with a form of rules in which they have to lead their lives by. It also provides them with a sense of unity as the very act of communal worship, which involves expressing their faith in common beliefs and values (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 397), raises their awareness of their similar situations and strengthens the bonds between them (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. ). However, not all social theorists will agree with the definition as their view of religion may differ. Therefore, this will lead me to outline in my essay the views that some classical social theorists held towards religion. Those that I will be focusing on, will me Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. The reason being is, these three theorists have proposed some influential ideas about religion, and analyzing their work will enable me to understand the way in which they viewed religion, and what they thought the purpose of religion was. To do this, I will first provide an explanation for why religion was an important theme for the three. Following that, I will concentrate on Marx and Durkheim, by comparing their definitions of religion and their analysis of its function. All three theorists were sociologist writing in the 19th century, and they knew that religion played a big part in society (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 409). However, religion was an important theme to them for different reasons. For Marx, religion was important to him as he believed that religion was one of the institutions which maintained a capitalist rule (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 2). He argued that it acted as an ideology which helped hide and legitimize capitalist exploitation (Kirby et al, 2000, p. 440). It leads those who are suffering in false direction, as it hides the true nature of society and the real reasons for why they are suffering (Kirby et al, 2000, p. 440). It was also important to him as it believed it acted as an agent of soc ial control; it kept people in their place. It did this by upholding the existing system of exploitation and reinforcing class relationships (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 400). Religion was an important theme for Durkheim, as he believed religion was the source of everything social. He didnââ¬â¢t think that everything social was religious, but he did believe that social bonds were created through religion. Durkheim showed this by examining the aboriginal religion, which he called Totemism. He argued that within their clans, the symbols that bonded them together and created a sense of unity was predominately a religious symbol (Allan, 2010, p. 112-113). Lastly, religion was an important theme for Weber as he believed it was a conservative force. He argued that societies developed differently partly because of the ââ¬Ëreligious beliefs and ideas about ethical conduct of their members were differentââ¬â¢. Therefore, religious beliefs and movements can help produce social change (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 19). Weberââ¬â¢s idea of social change was based on a protestant religion, called Calvinism. He argued it created the social condition which made the western part of the world ready for a capitalist economic society (Kirby et al, 2000, p. 442). He suggested the work ethic produced by the Calvinists lead to the spirit of capitalism. Calvinism was based on the idea of the elect; which was before birth god had selected those for salvation. As not everyone was part of the elect they believed a sign from god, indicated whether they were part of the elect or not. If an individual worked hard and became rich, this was a sign that they were chosen. This way of life was part of the protestant ethic, ââ¬Ëa lifestyle based on religious beliefs which lead to a very specific form of social action ââ¬â economic activityââ¬â¢ (Kirby et al, 2000, p. 442). As stated in my introduction, the theorists that I have chosen to look at in more depth are Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. My reason for choosing these two theorists is because their perspective on religion has its differences and similarities. They both see religion as a conservative force believing it has lead to a little help in promoting social change. They both believe that religion acts as a form of social control, helping to maintain social order. However, while Durkheim would argue that religion is in the best interest of the whole of society, Marx would disagree and argue that religion is used to support a social structure which benefits the rich and harms the poor (Marsh et al, 2009, p. 652), in other words religion upholds ruling class ideology. Therefore for Durkheim religion is based on consensus and for Marx, itââ¬â¢s based on conflict. In terms of defining religion Durkheim holds a substantive approach. By adopting a substantive definition, religion is being defined in terms of supernatural beliefs or things which are defined as sacred (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 396). For Durkheim the key to religious belief is that it relates to things that societyââ¬â¢s members define as sacred (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 5). As you will see in his definition there is no mention of a supernatural or God as he argues the notion of a God cannot be included in the definitions. This is because there are many belief systems that are considered as a religion, but does not require the concept of a God (Allan, 2010, p. 116). Durkheim defines religion in terms of the sacred and the profane, he argues that all societies divide the world into two categories, and religion is based upon this division (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 396). He therefore defines religion as ââ¬Ëa unified system of beliefs and practices related to scared things, that is to say things set apart and forbidden ââ¬â beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a church, all those who adhere themââ¬â¢ (Marsh et al, 2009, p. 56). He may have used the term ââ¬ËChurchââ¬â¢, but his definition was intended to apply beyond Christianity (Marsh et al, 2009, p. 656). In order for Durkheim to determine the role that religion played in society, he approached religion from an analysis of its primitive form (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 410), by studying the r eligion of the Australian Aborigines, which he called Totemism. He argued that the people within the aborigine society were divided into several clans; a clan was like an extended family, whose members shared various duties and obligations. For example all the clans had rules of exogamy ââ¬â one was marrying members within your own clan was prohibited (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008 396). Within each clan there was a strong basis of social solidarity, as the clan felt an attachment to one another (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 410). Each clan identified themselves with a particular animal or plant, this was their emblem or, which Durkheim called it a totem, and it symbolized their clam (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 410). The totem is regarded as sacred, so it is then represented by drawings made on wood and stone. The drawings made are called churingas, and churingas are at least sacred as the species they represent (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 397. This led Durkheim to argue ââ¬Ësacredness is not a function of the object, sacredness is something is something that is placed upon the objectââ¬â¢ (Allan, 2010, p. 116). So in relation to the totem, Durkheim states that the totem as itself has no importance, as it is just an object, but it is however a material expression of something else. The totem is the outward form of something seen as divine or highly important, this can be referred to as a god. Secondly it is the symbol of the clan or society, as it is a sign of their identity (Marsh et al, 2009, p. 656) From this distinction, Durkheim wondered isnââ¬â¢t these two things connected. He then carried on to say ââ¬Ëif the totem is the symbol of both the god and the society, is this not because the god and the society are the same, (Durkheim, 1912/1995 cited in Allan, 2010, p. 118). Therefore he suggested by worshipping God, people are actually worshiping society. Durkheim strongly believed that without the shared ideas and moral beliefs that formed the collective science social life was impossible. If they ceased to exist in society would be corrupt, as there would be no social order, no social solidarity or no social control. Therefore society would not survive (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 392). From this Durkheim argued that religion acted as an agent which reinforced the collective sense. He also carried on to say, that by worshipping society, it provided strength for the moral beliefs and values that formed the basis of social life, and by defining them as sacred religion provided greater power and direct human actions (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, 397). He also claims that that in worshipping society people is now recognizing the importance of the social group (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 397), and realize as individuals they are insignificant, but as a group they are strong. In this respect religion creates unity and therefore a function of religion of religion is to strengthen social solidarity (Pilkington, et al, 2008, p. 7) In contrast to Durkheimââ¬â¢s view on religion, Marx held a more negative stance; his view is based on conflict. This is because he saw a basic conflict of interest between two classes, which where the bourgeoisies and the proletariats (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 2). Marxââ¬â¢s defines religion as an ââ¬Ëinstrument of dominance and oppression which keeps the proletariats in its placeââ¬â¢ (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 12). He then carries on to say that religion is an illusion which is thought, by the proletariats, to ease the pain caused by exploitation and oppression (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 399). In terms of the role that religion plays in society; Marx argued that religion lead people into false direction as the ââ¬Ëhope and solutions it promises are all false illusionsââ¬â¢. Therefore religion acts as an ideology, which helps maintain the ruling class power. It conceals and disguises the true nature of reality. In a way which benefits the ruling class (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 13). With religion being am an ideology, it blinds people from the oppression of the class system. In part this is what Marx means when he say religion is ââ¬Ëthe opium of the peopleââ¬â¢ (Allan, 2010, p. 89). He argues that religion acts as an opiate which dulls the pain brought up oppression (Haralambos and Holborn 2008, p. 399). Marx says ââ¬Ëreligious distress is at the same time the expression of real distress and the protest against real distress. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, just as it is the spirit of a spiritless situation. It is the opium of the peopleââ¬â¢ (Marx and Engels 1955 cited in Marsh et al 2009, p. 653) Ways in which religion dulls the pain of oppression; is that it promises eternal life in heaven after death, it justifies people poverty, by saying they will be rewarded with riches for their suffering in the afterlife, and it can also justify the social order and a person position within society (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 00). Form Marxââ¬â¢s viewpoint religion doesnââ¬â¢t just suppress the effects of oppression; it is also a tool of oppression. It acts as an agent of social control by maintaining the ââ¬Ëexisting system of exploitation and reinforcing class relationshipsââ¬â¢ In other words it keeps people in their place, which promotes social order. It stops those in the subject class from rebelling. Marx also argues that the ruling class takes on religious beliefs to justify their position within society to themselves and others (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 00). To conclude you can see that regardless of the outcome all three theorists believed that religion played a major part in society. However the only that believed that religion will not be completely wiped out by modern science was Durkheim. Like Comte, Durkheim saw that traditional religions will no longer exists in society. However he did believe that new forms of religion will evolve which were more compatible with scientific knowledge, and with the structure of complex advanced ocieties this new idea of religion that Durkheim argued will replace traditional religions is based around the idea of individualism (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 409, 411) Marx he believed the rise in modern science meant the disappearance of traditional religions, as the supernatural aspects of religious beliefs were incompatible with the modern science knowledge. This claim is linked to the idea of secularization of modern society. Weber however believed that religion would completely disappear; this meant that individual will then be no longer to make any sense of their lives (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 09). One question we could ask is that has the role of religion in society changed? Do these theories of religion still apply to society? Whether it has changed or not, religion still plays a major part in society as new for m of religion have evolved over time, such as scientology. Bibliography Allan, K (2010), Explorations in Classical Social Theory. Second Edition. Thousand Oaks, Calif, London: Pine Forge Fulcher, J. and Scott, J (2007), Sociology. Third Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press Haralambos, M. nd Holborn, S (2008), Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. Seventh Edition. London: Collins Marsh, I. Keating, M. Punch, S. and Harden, J. (2009), Sociology: Making sense of society. Fourth Edition. Harlow: Longman Pilkington, A. Taylor, P and Yeo, A. (2008) Sociology in Focus. Forth Edition. Pearson Education Limited Kirby, M. Kidd, W. Koubel, F. Barter, J. Hope, T. Kirton, A. Madry, N. Manning, P. Triggs, K. (2000) Sociology in Perspective. First Edition. Heinemann Educational Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-62175261839766813172020-04-15T16:58:00.001-07:002020-04-15T16:58:02.540-07:00Lorenzo Colbert Jr. Essays - Emmett Till, Mississippi, Greenwood Lorenzo Colbert Jr. 10/08/2017 English Death of Emme tt Till The murder of Emmett Till, a 14-year old African-American kid, in August 1955 stunned the country, and gave an impetus to the rising civil right s development. A Chicago local, Till was seeing relatives in Money, Mississippi when he was blamed for harassing a neighborhood white lady. On August 24, while standing with friends outside a small store, Till boasted about having a white girlfriend in Chicago. His friends then dared him to ask the white woman inside the store for a date. According to the woman, Carolyn Bryant, Till entered the store, bought some gum, asked for a date, and then whistled at her as he left the store. ( Altman ) A few days after the fact, relatives of the lady stole Till, fiercely beating and killing him before discarding his body in an adjacent waterway. Till's crushed mother demanded an open, open coffin memorial service for her child, which she trusted would reveal insight into the fundamental brutality dispensed on blacks in the south. Till's killers were acquitted by an all-white jury, yet the occasions encompassing his demise galvanized activists across the nation. The following year, after being paid by a reporter, Bryant and Milam admitted that they had indeed murdered Till . Though the two men could not be retried because of constitutional protections against double jeopardy, the Emmitt Till lynching shocked the country and motivated thousands of young people who later became involved in the Civil Rights movement . ( Altman ) Emmett Till, also known as Bobo, experienced childhood in a flourishing, white collar class black neighborhood on Chicago's South Side. The area was a safe house for black possessed organizations, and the boulevards he meandered as a kid were fixed with black claimed insurance agencies, drug stores and excellence salons and dance club that drew any semblance of Duke Ellington and Sarah Vaughan. The individuals who knew Till best portrayed him as a mindful, interesting, and irresistibly cheerful kid. He was hit with polio at five years old yet figured out how to influence a full recuperation, to spare a slight falter that stayed with him for whatever remained of his life. Three days in the wake of touching base in Money, Mississippi, on August 24, 1955, Emmett Till and a gathering of youngsters entered Bryant's Staple and Meat Market to purchase refreshments in the wake of a monotonous day picking cotton in the hot evening sun. What precisely unfolded inside the supermarke t that evening will never be known. Till obtained bubble gum, and a portion of the children with him would later report that he either shrieked at, played with, or touched the hand of the store's white female assistantand spouse of the proprietorCarolyn Bryant. Whatever happened in the store, the teenagers immediately departed town. Word of the incident spread quickly among blacks and whites in the area. Just after midnight on 28 August, Bryant's husband, Roy, and his half-brother J. W. Milam, both decorated combat veterans of World War II, arrived armed at the home of Moses Wright, demanding to see the boy from Chicago. The two men dragged Till from the house, bringing him to their vehicle, where witnesses later said that a woman's voice identified Till as the boy from the store. The two men left with the Chicago teen. Three days later Emmett Till's naked and tortured body was discovered in the Tallahatchie River, after he floated to the surface despite having a cotton gin fan tied to his neck. ( Aiello ) Till's body was sent to Chicago, where his mom picked to have an open-coffin burial service with Till's body in plain view for five days. A huge number of individuals went to the Roberts Sanctuary Church of God to see the proof of this ruthless despise wrongdoing. Till's mom said that, notwithstanding the huge torment it made her see her child's dead body in plain view, she settled on an open-coffin memorial service to "let the world see what has happened, in light of the fact that it is highly unlikely I could depict this. What's more, I required someone to enable me to tell what Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-56992504022429548632020-03-12T19:03:00.001-07:002020-03-12T19:03:02.717-07:00World Cup Host CountriesWorld Cup Host Countries Held every four years, the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup is held in a different host country. The World Cup is the major international soccer (football) competition, consisting of the nationally recognized mens soccer team from each country. The World Cup has been held in a host country every four years since 1930, with the exception of 1942 and 1946 due to the Second World War. FIFAs executive committee selects the host country for each FIFA World Cup. The 2018 and 2022 World Cup host countries, Russia and Qatar respectively, were selected by the FIFA executive committee on December 2, 2010. On June 13, 2018, the 2026 host was selected through a new process, the open votes of all FIFA member countries. Note that the World Cup is held in even-numbered years that are the interval years of the Summer Olympic Games (although the World Cup now matches the four-year cycle of the Winter Olympic Games). Also, unlike the Olympic Games, the World Cup is hosted by a country and not a specific city, as is the Olympic Games. The following is a listing of the FIFA World Cup host countries from 1930 to 2026. World Cup Host Countries 1930 - Uruguay1934 - Italy1938 - France1942 - Canceled due to World War II1946 - Canceled due to World War II1950 - Brazil1954 - Switzerland1958 - Sweden1962 - Chile1966 - United Kingdom1970 - Mexico1974 - West Germany (now Germany)1978 - Argentina1982 - Spain1986 - Mexico1990 - Italy1994 - United States1998 - France2002 - South Korea and Japan2006 - Germany2010 - South Africa2014 - Brazil2018 - Russia2022 - Qatar2026 - North America (united bid by Canada, Mexico, and the United States) Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-12882125608937704642020-02-25T09:30:00.001-08:002020-02-25T09:30:02.750-08:00Children's literature - Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis EssayChildren's literature - Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll Short story - Essay Example to be following a white rabbit to a hole, which is a doorway to the wonderland where Alice meets with different creatures and experiences a completely new realm in her life. From getting big to small, making friends to nemesis and from saving to being subjected to execution, Alice finds that all that had happened was just a dream and not reality. Henceforth, we will examine three aspects of the novel which are, the notions about and standpoint towards children of that era, how are literary techniques employed to present the children of the Victorian period and how does this literature provide a look on the characteristics of world and the quintessence established. Published in 1865, Aliceââ¬â¢s Adventure in Wonderland was set in the late eighteen hundred, Victorian period in Britain. The author, though, illustrates a child who is curious, observant and stubborn, but possesses a good heart, has not specifically pointed out anything that may represent the children of those times and what were the concepts about children during the Victorian period. Hence, with the help of the historical and geographical background of the novella, we will expound and propound the theories that concern a child of that era and what kind of attitude they were subjected to. There are numerous sources available that give us an insight on the topic under scrutiny and we have availed some of those resources. Starting with the book by (Pollock), the author claims that the attitude towards children during the eighteenth century in Britain was not very different from the rest of the world. The children were not allowed to indulge in their curiosity like in the book of Carroll. Instead the upbringings of the children were excessively harsh and if not harsh, then they were not likable or appreciable. From physical to emotional, abuse was common enough in the Victorian era and parents expected unshakable obedience and respect from their children all the time, either by the nature itself or with the Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-56036238040573364872020-02-09T02:18:00.001-08:002020-02-09T02:18:02.438-08:00Influences of My Career Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 wordsInfluences of My Career Choice - Essay Example For one thing, having a job only means that I have an activity through which an individual can earn money. It is a regular activity in exchange of payment. It is not the same as having a career since having a career means that I would essentially be pursuing a lifelong ambition or the general course of progression towards lifelong goals. (Career vs. Job) So, I now knew that although I had a job, I may not want to be doing the same job for the rest of my life. Therefore, I needed to make plans that included developing a career plan for myself that I would follow until the day I retire. I need the career in order to give myself a sense of direction and financial motivation. By choosing a career for myself, I would finally be able to tell people that I knew what I would be doing for myself in the future. Techniques in career management Planning for my future career requires a more-or-less systematic approach, following those models and theories that management experts and practitioners have designed. While these are not hard and fast rules, they are advisory in providing a structure to how I am to plan out my career and work life. We will be using the Wheel of Life, the Greenhaus et al. Career Management Model, and Bollesââ¬â¢ (2008) Flower Diagram. Wheel of Life There are several conceptual tools which are helpful in defining our life goals and aspirations so that we could make a better choice among the possible career paths we could take. The diagram following provides a visual depiction of the theory. The wheel of life is made up of concentric circles showing graduated levels of each part. In applying this wheel in the course of deciding and building a career, it is important to balance our lives according to each part that makes up the wheel. I am aware that work and career, which is of such great importance to me, should also serve to balance personal growth and need for money against love life, hobbies and recreation, and of course family and friends. We must not also pursue career so intensely as to forget our health and fitness, particularly managing the stress that tends to build up at work. In my case, the overbearing influence of family, to be discussed later, has to be moderated by my desire for personal growth, earning money, and work and career. Even while growing up, due to our dire circumstances I was overly occupied with working due to our lack of money that I did not have a healthy balance between study, friends and recreation like other children. Over-emphasizing any of these aspects and neglecting the others will surely lead to my eventual frustration and unhappiness. The Greenhaus, et al. Career Management Model The following diagram depicts the Greenhaus, Callanan & Godshalk (2000) model. I find this model a good tool to use in trying to feel through what career path I choose for myself, and I believe I will continue to refer to it as a framework for gaining my bearings as I reach crucial junctures in my work life. T he model appears to be complicated, but I realize that I had been subconsciously doing the steps during my career planning. An instinctive awareness of my aspirations and capabilities and awareness of the desperation as well as opportunities in my environment have guided me to want better things and perceive a way to do them. Everytime I try out Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-66592025264682915922020-01-30T03:29:00.001-08:002020-01-30T03:29:03.991-08:00Sinusitis Care Plan Essay Example for Free Sinusitis Care Plan Essay This therapeutic care plan will utilized the ââ¬Å"I can treat and prescribe frameworkâ⬠to ensure that appropriate patient treatments are selected using a step by step approach, including assessment integration, drug and/or disease related problems, therapeutic goals, therapeutic alternatives and indications, plan of care and evaluation (OPHCNPP, 2012). By going through each step of this framework, and including or excluding treatment options based on individual patient factors and strong clinical evidence, this clinician will arrive at the most suitable treatment plan for the patient. H.K (32 year old male) presented with persistent facial pain for 7 days. He reported having a headache (6/10 on a pain scale) upon bending forward and awakening, occasional tooth pain, no nasal drainage, and no cough. H.K denied fever or chills but admitted to feeling ââ¬Å"run-downâ⬠. His past medical history included varicella zoster at age 5 years, seasonal allergic rhinitis (pollen), viral respiratory tract symptoms 2 weeks ago (now resolved), and no recent antibiotic use over the past 3 months. He is married with two children who are not in daycare (ages 8 and 9). H.K is a supermarket manager, non-smoker, and denied substance abuse. The patient reported having private prescription drug coverage but was only taking Advil cold and sinus (2 tablets orally every 6 hours as required) with good effect. H.Kââ¬â¢s vitals were taken (temp. 37.5à °C tympanic, HR 74 reg., R 12 reg. and equal). His head and neck examination revealed that his sclera were clear and his pupils were r ound, reactive to light with accommodation. There was tenderness to palpation of the frontal and maxillary sinuses. Transillumination of the right and left maxillary sinuses revealed an opaque surface. His nares were erythematous and edematous with no obvious discharge. There was cobblestoning of the pharynx with slight erythema. His tonsils were two plus in size with no exudates. His neck examination revealed the absence of lymphadenopathy, the thyroid was non-palpable, and his chest examination revealed clear lung fields. The diagnosis of acute sinusitis was made based on H.Kââ¬â¢s presenting signs and symptoms. The two most common predisposing events for acute bacterial sinusitis are acute viral upper respiratory infections and allergic inflammation (80% and 20% of bacterial infections, respectively) (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Complications of sinusitis are very rare and are estimated to occur in 1 in 1,000 cases (Hwang, 2009). In complicated sinusitis, the orbit of the eye is the most common structure involved and is usually caused by ethmoid sinusitis (Hwang, 2009). Patients who present with visual symptoms (diplopia, decreased visual acuity, disconjugate gaze, difficulty opening the eye), severe headache, somnolence or high fever should be evaluated with emergent care suspected (H.K had none of these symptoms) (Hwang, 2009). Most adult patients diagnosed with acute sinusitis become well or nearly well after 7 to 10 days, but 25% are still symptomatic after 14 days (Worrall, 2011). H.K had no untreated medical conditions contributing to his acute sinusitis (not pollen season). A primary health care nurse practitioner can effectively diagnose, treat and manage adults who have symptoms like H.K according to the Nurse Practitioner Practice Standard of Ontario (CNO, 2011). His condition was not life threatening and did not necessitate a referral to a physician, specialist or transfer of care. H.K was taking Advil cold and sinus, a drug that was appropriately dosed (1-2 tablets orally every 6 hours as required to a maximum of 6 tablets in 24 hours), which is clinically indicated for sinus pain in adults and is not too complex (CPA, 2013). This drug was deemed safe for him after a review of contraindications, including hypersensitivity to the agent, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced (NSAID) asthma or urticartia, aspirin triad, pre-operative coronary bypass surgery, coronary artery disease, monoamine oxidase inhibitor use within 14 days, uncontrolled or severe hypertension, and urinary retention (Epocrates, 2013). For H.K, the oral route of medication administration was most appropriate, the least invasive and the easiest way for an adult to take drugs (Brophy et al, 2011). Advil cold and sinus is not a cytochrome P450 system inhibitor, which is the main (or partial) cause for large differences in the pharmacokinetics of other drugs (Rx Files, 2012, Epocrates, 2013). The patient was not taking borrowed prescriptions, using drugs from previous occurrences of the condition, or experiencing any adverse drug events/reactions to Advil cold and sinus. Also, he was not being double dosed or experiencing therapeutic duplication of drugs belonging to the same pharmaceutical class. H.K had no untreated medical conditions (other than his new acute sinusitis), was not taking drugs prescribed by other clinicians and there were no other factors (communication errors, non-adherence, financial restrictions) influencing his ability to receive medication. Antibiotic therapy should be reserved for patients with acute bacterial sinusitis as defined by a complete history and physical examination (AMA, 2008). A ââ¬Å"wait and seeâ⬠approach has been suggested in recent Canadian guidelines as a means of differentiating bacterial sinusitis from a viral respiratory tract infection (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Initiation of treatment should take place 7 to 10 days after persistent symptoms or when signs compatible with acute sinusitis occur (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Since H.Kââ¬â¢s facial pain had lasted for 7 days, the decision was made with the patient to treat. Goals of care were established (with the patient) including maximizing symptom relief (especially drainage of congested sinuses), eradication of infection, and prevention of re-occurrence and complications (Fryters Blondel-Hill, 2011). Five drug choices were selected and scrutinized as potential treatment options for H.K, including first and second line therapies (appendix 1) (ARP, 2012). The primary bacterial pathogens involved in the development of acute sinusitis for adults are Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae (AMA, 2008). Canadian antimicrobial resistance data of S. pneumoniae describes that penicillin resistance rates range from 14% to16% in Central Canada (Powis et al., 2004). Amoxicillin is a first line drug therapy that remains active against S. pneumoniae with the rate of resistance under 2% (Brook et al, 2006) and also retains the best coverage of oral beta-lactam agents against S. pneumoniae (AMA, 2008). It is available in a capsule, chewable tablet or powder for oral suspension (H.K had no dysphagia and preferred to take capsules) (CPA, 2013). Amoxicillin should not be prescribed to a patient more than once in a 3-month period (H.K had not taken it in the last 3 months) (ARP, 2012). This drug is acid resistant, rapidly absorbed after oral administration, and is stable in the presence of gastric acid allowing for adequate systemic concentr ations (H.K was not taking drugs that affect gastric acid production) (CPA, 2013). Pertinent adverse affects of the drug are diarrhea, nausea, headache, vomiting, abdominal pain, anaphylaxis, anemia, AST/ALT elevation, mucocutaneous candidiasis, rash and pseudomembranous colitis (Medscape Reference, 2013). Amoxicillin is contraindicated with anaphylaxis reaction to penicillins or cephalosporins (Epocrates, 2013). Several cautions to consider when prescribing amoxicillin to H.K include him having clostridium difficile infection, infectious mononucleosis (result is skin rash), bacterial/fungal superinfections, allergy to cephalosporins, and carbapenems, (Medscape Reference, 2013). Also, serious drug interactions include bcg/typhoid vaccine live, doxycycline, minocycline, probenecid and tetracycline (Epocrates, 2013). H.K did not have any of the contraindications, cautions, or potential medication interactions relevant to taking amoxicillin, so it was deemed safe for him to take. Amoxicillin was selected as a treatment option for H.K (appendix 1). The three times a day (500 mg) option was selected to ensure simplicity, when compared to the 875 mg twice a day option that would require H.K to take two possibility identical capsules (a 500 mg and a 250 mg), increasing the likelihood of medication error (Epocrates, 2013). A primary concern for individuals infected with H. influenzae is ampicillin resistance, mediated by the production of a beta-lactamase, which is produced by approximately 19% of the bacteria (Zhanel et al, 2003). H. influenzae remains predictably susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate (a second line therapy) which possesses the added benefit of stability against beta-lactamases and cephalosporins (Tristam et al, 2007). Amoxicillin-clavulanate is also effective against most penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (MacGowan et al., 2004). It has enhanced gram positive activity and should be used in patients where risk of bacterial resistance is high, consequences of failure of therapy are greatest, or for patients not responding to first-line therapy (DeRosiers, et al, 2011). Common side effects of this drug are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash and uticartia (Poole-Arcangelo Peterson, 2013; Rx Files, 2013). Higher rates of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal side effects occur with amoxicillin-clavulanate than with amoxicillin alone (Burns et al., 2009). It is also considered a more costly sinusitis treatment (ARP, 2012; Rx Files, 2012). Amoxicillin-clavulanate was added as a treatment option for H.K (see appendix 1). The clinician selected the two times a day option (875 mg) because the clavulanic acid daily dose is less, resulting in a decreased likelihood of the patient experiencing adverse effects co mpared with a more frequent dosing schedule option such as every 8 hours (Rx Files, 2012). As a result of activity against beta-lactamaseââ¬âproducing H. influenza and S. pneumonae (Zhanel Lynch, 2009), cefprozil and cefuroxime axetil have a second line treatment role in acute sinusitis (ARP, 2012). With the expanded spectrum of activity, ability to achieve adequate concentrations in tissues, suitability for twice-daily dosing, favorable toxicity profile, and proven tolerability of cephalsporins, they are a safe alternative for treatment (Poole-Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). However, they have a broader range of activity and are more costly than amoxicillin (Rx Files, 2012; ARP, 2012). Second line drugs cefuroxime axetil and cefprozil were added as treatment options for H.K (see appendix 1). The 250 mg dose was selected for both drugs due to ease of use (smaller pills, easier to swallow), patient related factors (H.K was not immunocompromised) and disease related factors (H.Kââ¬â¢s sinusitis had no complications). In beta-lactam-allergic patients, a second line therapy such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP- SMX) may be substituted for penicillin (ARP, 2012). The TMP-SMX resistance reported from Canadian laboratories is approximately 14% (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Increased pnuemoncoccal and H. influenza resistance rates make TMP-SMX a less desirable agent, however it is one of the most cost-effective options for patients with financial constraints (not an issue with H.K) (ARP, 2012). The most common side effects of this drug are rash, fever and gastrointestinal symptoms (Poole-Arcangelo Peterson, 2013; Rx Files, 2012). Drugs containing sulfa (such as TMP-SMX) potentiate the effects of warfarin, phenotoin, hypoglycemic agents and methotrexate (Poole-Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). Since H.K is not taking these drugs, TMP-SMX was selected as a treatment option (see appendix 1). One double strength tablet was selected over two single strength tablets for simplicity of administration. The general approach to the non-pharmacological management of acute sinusitis requires utilizing adjunctive therapies. Decongestants, intranasal corticosteroids (INCS), antihistamines, mucoltylics and analgesics are treatment options. A decongestant may be used to reduce mucosal edema and facilitate aeration and drainage (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Oral decongestants have been shown to improve nasal congestion and can be used until symptoms resolve. (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Topical decongestants are controversial and should not be used for longer than 72 hours due to the potential for rebound congestion (ARP, 2013). INCS reduce inflammation and edema of the nasal mucosa, nasal turbinates, and sinus ostia (Desrosiers et al., 2011). INCS are minimally absorbed and have a low incidence of systemic adverse effects (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Adverse effects include transient nasal irritation, epistaxis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, headache, and changes to taste, smell and voice (Rx Files, 201 2). A Cochrane review evaluating three INCS drugs for acute sinusitis found limited but positive evidence for INCS as an adjuvant to antibiotics (Zalmanovici Yaphe, 2009). Antihistamines are often used to relieve symptoms because of their drying effect, however there are no studies to support their use in the treatment of acute sinusitis (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Guaifenesin is a mucolytic that has been used to thin mucus and improve nasal drainage, however because it has not been evaluated in clinical trials, it was not recommended as an adjunct treatment for sinusitis (Rosenfeld et al, 2007). Selection of analgesics should be based on the severity of pain. Tylenol or an NSAID given alone or in combination with an opioid is appropriate for mild to moderate pain associated with sinusitis (Rosenfeld et al, 2007). Recent Canadian guidelines suggest that limited evidence exists supporting the beneficial effects of saline irrigation in patients with acute sinusitis (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Despite limited evidence, saline therapy, either as a spray or high-volume irrigation, has seen widespread use as adjunct therapy (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Although the utility of saline sprays remains unclear, the use of saline irrigation as ancillary therapy is based on evidence of moderate symptomatic benefit and favourable tolerability (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Some additional comfort measures for patients with symptoms of acute sinusitis include maintenance of adequate hydration and application of warm facial packs. No high quality trials have demonstrated that these comfort measures are effective (Worrall, 2011). As viral infections predispose individuals to acute sinusitis, strategies (such as handwashing) that focus on patient education of reducing viral transmission help to reduce the incidence of bacterial sinusitis (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Educating patients about common predisposing bacterial sinusitis factors may be considered as a preventative strategy (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Prophylactic antibiotics are not effective in preventing viral episodes or the development of subsequent bacterial sinusitis, and are not recommended (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Also, there is no evidence that influenza or pneumococcus vaccinations reduce the risk of contracting acute sinusitis (Rosenfeld et al, 2007). Recent reviews have found limited evidence for alternative and complementary medicine (Scheid Hamm, 2004). Alternative practices that have failed to show efficacy include acupuncture, chiropractic, naturopathy, aromatherapy, massage and therapeutic touch (Desrosiers et al., 2011). Vitamin C preparations and zinc lozenges are also felt to be controversial (Scheid Hamm, 2004). Studies of zinc lozenges for the common cold have produced mixed results (Desrosiers et al., 2011). One recent meta-analysis of echinacea preparations has shown some positive effects in reducing duration of respiratory tract symptoms (Barrett et al, 1999). However, the widespread use of echnichea in the treatment of acute sinusitis is not well supported (Desrosiers et al., 2011). A recent Cochrane review found that when antibiotics were given to patients, they increased recovery time from sinusitis symptoms (Ahovuo-Saloranta, 2008). The choice of first-line treatment is based on the anticipated clinical respons e of a patient, as well as the microbiologic flora likely to be present. Also, when selecting an antibiotic regimen for H.K, the clinician considered the medication cost, medication safety profile, adverse effects, and local patterns of bacterial resistance in order to maximize therapy (Hickner et al., 2001). The recommended antibiotic regimen is specific for H.K, who did not have any intracranial/orbital complications or a compromised immune function, and has normal renal function. In the absence of drug allergies and presence of resistant organisms, amoxicillin was selected for H.K as it is a first line therapy, is generally effective against susceptible and intermediate resistant pneumococci (Brophy et al, 2011), low cost (ARP, 2012), high patient tolerability, and relatively narrow antimicrobial spectrum (Aring Chan, 2011). Factors suggesting greater risk of penicillin resistant streptococci include antibiotic use within the past 3 months, chronic symptoms present for longer than 4 weeks, and parents of children in daycare (H.K had none of these risk factors). When antibiotics are prescribed by the clinician, the duration of treatment should be 5 to10 days as recommended by product monographs (Desrosiers et al., 2011). For H.K, the clinician utilized product monographs and other evidence based guidelines for determining the appropriate duration of treatment (CPA, 2013; ARP, 2013). Based on the information and discussion presented in this paper, amoxicillin 500 mg three times a day for 10 days (CPA, 2013) was selected as the most appropriate treatment for H.K (see appendix 2). H.K was instructed by the clinician to take his medication until finished, not share it, and to store at room temperature away from moisture, heat and light (Epocrates, 2013). He was taught about the drugââ¬â¢s side effects and that overdose symptoms may include confusion, behavior changes, severe rash, decreased urination, or seizure (Epocrates, 2013). He was provided health teachings by the clinician, including seeking emergency medical help if exhibiting any signs of an allergic reaction (hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, etc.) or experiencing serious side effects (white patches/sores inside his mouth/lips, fever, swollen glands, rash, itching, joint pain, pale/yellowed skin or eyes, dark colored urine, fever, confusion/weakness, severe tingling, numbness, pain, muscle weakness, easy bruising, unusual bleeding, purple/red pinpoint spots under his skin) (Epocrates, 2013). H.K was provided health teachings regarding reducing the risk of contracting viral infections through hand washing techniques. Complementary therapies, alternative medicines, comfort measures, saline prophylactic antibiotic usage and vaccines were not recommended to H.K. He was also instructed about the role these treatments play in acute sinusitis treatment. Only evidenced-based adjunctive therapies as described in this paper have been selected for H.K, including INCS therapy (see appendix 3), analgesics (Advil cold and sinus) and oral decongestants (Advil cold and sinus). H.K agreed to this treatment plan. Based on H.Kââ¬â¢s history and physical exam findings, a follow-up examination would be required if no improvement is seen within 72 hours of antibiotic administration, as this could indicate treatment failure (Derosier et al, 2011). The patient was advised to return in 72 hours if there were no improvements in symptoms. He did not return to the clinic for follow-up. If H.K had deteriorated at any time, the clinician would have reassessed for acute complications, other diagnoses and adherence to treatments (Derosier et al, 2011). If H.K experienced a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to amoxicillin at any time, other pharmacological options would have been considered. A phone call was placed one week after H.Kââ¬â¢s medical visit to conduct a post-visit evaluation, and he reported that his symptoms were nearly resolved (pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy evaluation). Since H.K demonstrated signs of clinical improvement, a follow-up visit or possible referral to an otolaryngologist was not required (Fryters Blondel-Hill, 2012). The original goals of care for H.K were met. He stated that he was able to manage his symptoms with the treatment plan, was grateful that no complications were experienced, and was more knowledgeable about the prescribed drugs and future prevention strategies. H.K was satisfied with his healthcare experience (self-report) and was able to verbalize non-pharmacological therapies and apply them to his situation. When faced with a similar patient in the future, the clinician will ensure that the ââ¬Å"I treat and prescribe frameworkâ⬠is utilized, as it is a valuable tool for ensuring patient specific treatment. Professional feedback from the course instructor/preceptor will also be integrated into future treatment plans. Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-21645770895302695932020-01-21T23:53:00.001-08:002020-01-21T23:53:03.746-08:00Definition Essay - Can Love be Defined? -- Expository Definition EssayCan Love be Defined? The other day I was babysitting my three-year-old niece, a most conniving little angel. As she sat gawking at my girlfriend's brother, Matthew, who was eating potato chips, she told me that she loved me "so much." She had already devoured her potato chips, but she obviously wanted more. Many more expressions of love proceeded to drip from her lips. Finally, the question came; "Reg, can I have some more chips?" At first, I thought this little show of bribery was cute and funny, but then I started to think about the true meaning of love. What is true love? Poets, philosophers, religious leaders, and the American media all have different definitions for this word. Too often, love is conceived as doing whatever it takes to get your potato chips. However, true love involves much more than personal satisfaction. Our society uses the term "love" far too lightly. Having been guilty of this offense myself, I admit my guilt. I often say, "I love Mexican food," or, "I love my truck." Love, however, is not just a happy feeling we get when something nice pleases us. Love is a verb. Love is the action of giving yourself totally to one person without expecting anything in return. Love is being willing to put aside your own needs in order to meet the needs of others. Giving up your weekend trip to the beach in order to take care of your sick mother is one example of love. A destitute mother giving up her one piece of bread to feed her sick little boy is another example of love. The ultimate expression of love is being willing to lay down your own life in the place of another. Love is giving, not getting. Too often our love is conditional. We often hear, "I will love you if you meet my needs," or, "I will love you... ...n who did just that. Two thousand years ago, on a hill outside of Jerusalem, Jesus of Nazareth was nailed to a cross. Three nails brutally pierced his hands and feet. Being a Christian, I believe that Jesus died on that cross to save me from an eternity in Hell. Jesus laid down his life in my place. This is the greatest love anyone has ever shown me, and my definition of love comes straight from that historical death. Would I lay down my life for anyone? I would consider going to the gas chamber in the place of very few people; this would be the ultimate test of my love. However, there are smaller ways that love can be shown. Washing dishes for my girlfriend, babysitting my niece, or even taking my mom out to eat are three small ways of showing my love. The next time I tell someone that I love them, I will be sure to follow through with the actions to prove it. Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-30160884538509237422020-01-13T20:15:00.001-08:002020-01-13T20:15:02.761-08:00Third-Person Effect and Social Networking: Implications for Online Marketing and Word-of-Mouth CommunicationFew studies have explored the direct influence of social networking websites related to behaviors. ââ¬Å"One of the most important capabilities of the internet relative to previous mass communication technologies is its bidirectionality. Through the internet, not only can organizations reach audiences of unprecedented scale at a low cost, but also for the first time in human history, individuals can make their personal thoughts, reactions, and opinions easily accessible worldwide. Best known so far as a technology for building trust and fostering cooperation in online marketplaces, such as eBay, these mechanisms are poised to have a much wider impact on organizations. Their growing popularity has potentially important implications for a wide range of management activities such as brand building, customer acquisition and retention, product development, and quality assurance. â⬠This article explains about online marketing and Iââ¬â¢m going to incorporate this piece of informa tion into my paper. Few studies have explored the direct influence of social networking websites related to behaviors. ââ¬Å"One of the most important capabilities of the internet relative to previous mass communication technologies is its bidirectionality. Through the internet, not only can organizations reach audiences of unprecedented scale at a low cost, but also for the first time in human history, individuals can make their personal thoughts, reactions, and opinions easily accessible worldwide. Best known so far as a technology for building trust and fostering cooperation in online marketplaces, such as eBay, these mechanisms are poised to have a much wider impact on organizations. Their growing popularity has potentially important implications for a wide range of management activities such as brand building, customer acquisition and retention, product development, and quality assurance. â⬠This article explains about online marketing and Iââ¬â¢m going to incorporate this piece of informa tion into my paper. Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-43072942437742356942020-01-05T16:39:00.001-08:002020-01-05T16:39:03.055-08:00Essay on MoralityEssay on Morality Being a part of a society every human is trying to follow some moral principles that define what is good and what is bad, what is right and what is wrong. All of these determine our actions made in various life circumstances and shows our moral values as well. This essay will aim to discuss the concept of morality and describe the main issues related to this philosophical question that may be never answered. What is morality? Lots of definitions can be applied to the concept of morality. In short, morality is regarded as an attempt to define who we are from the position of some right and wrong actions we do and thoughts that we think. Throughout thousands of years philosophers have been trying to solve the issue about defining the concept of morality. ââ¬Å"Many man many mindâ⬠approach is what can be applied to the problem. Nevertheless, it is possible to try to think over the question and reveal the common sings of morality that can be meaningful for us in a modern society. What is meant by a moral person? Can it be properly interpreted? The concepts with multiform meanings such as morality can be illustrated in the real world on practice and thus possibly defined in some way. Lets assume, you are going back home at midnight and find a purse on the sidewalk with lots of money and some bank cards with a name on it. You can find the person and return the stuff, will you do it? Or will you choose to keep it for yourself and use somebody elses money for your own purposes? Your action in this specific situation defines your morality. Your decision can show whether you act right or wrong. Still, another question arise ââ¬â is it right to give the purse back to its owner if you are in need yourself? Maybe this is a sign and life supports you when you need it? No one knows the right answer, because it does not actually exist. Each of us defines from our own point of view what is right and what is wrong, and it may has nothing to do with the concept of morality as it is defined by a modern world and other individuals. Are people in a modern society loosing their moral values? Modern society is more likely to lose moral values with the time flow. It happens because of materialism that affects peoples mind and prevails moral values. Technical progress contributes to this as well. People keep on earning money and buying products they need, so they tend to try to buy everything they want. This fact devalues moral characteristics in some way and make people do morally wrong things even subconsciously just because of the materialistic way of thinking. Additionally, public manners influence others actions. Looking at someone doing something in a public place may affect others. Lets take an example with a public smoking. First of all, it is actually forbidden and should be so. Secondly, it has nothing to do with a moral manner when a man is walking with a cigarette in his hands while there are many people around, including children. The bad influence of the Internet on moral values of people is not the exception too. Today it is available all over the world, people have an access to the Internet and spend a lot of time there reading social media, comments to the blogs, political reports, etc. One can easily find a lot of bad things posted there, which harms and abuses other people. Adults may not take care of it, but children should be protected from this in the first place as they see bad words, consider them to be normal and copy the manner of communication. In conclusion People in a modern society tend to loose their moral values, which is influenced by materialism, public thinking and manners, and the Internet as well. Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-83394245851098886942019-12-28T13:03:00.001-08:002019-12-28T13:03:03.593-08:00Analysis Of Machiavelli s The Prince - 1592 Words D.I.Y. Empire In The Prince, Machiavelli discusses ways in which a ruler should obtain power and maintain power, emphasizing the concept of gaining power through virtue versus fortune. Virtue, or virtu in the original Italian, is defined as the masculine quality of power, and not necessarily tied to ideas of morality as it is in the English definition. Gaining power through virtue is the process of gaining power through oneââ¬â¢s own ability, while gaining power through fortune is the process of gaining power through means not related to oneââ¬â¢s own ability such as wealth or anotherââ¬â¢s grace. In Chapter 6 of The Prince, Machiavelli discusses principalities gained through virtue and their characteristics. Rulers who wish to gain suchâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦His enemies are those of the older order, who did well under it and are reluctant to change to a new order. His allies are those who would do well under the new order but are, as Machiavelli puts it, ââ¬Å"lukewarmâ⬠and, therefore, arenââ¬â¢t entirely dedicated. This is in part due to their fear of the new princeââ¬â¢s enemies, those who do not want a new order, and in part due to their skepticism in the ability of the prince to impose this new order. As such, it is very dangerous to impose a new order where one may face attack by hostile forces and have only ââ¬Å"lukewarmâ⬠defenders of the new order. It is then necessary to examine how the prince will utilize his virtue. If he is to ââ¬Å"begâ⬠and ask others for help, he is then seen as week and cannot accomplish his goal. The alternative is to use ââ¬Å"forceâ⬠, to arm themselves, and to literally force those who do not believe in the new order to believe. After all, human nature is changeable and easily changed, but difficult to maintain in a certain persuasion, after which force is necessary to maintain it. And once created through great difficulty, it is then easy to maintain, as under the princeââ¬â¢s rule, the need for force will lessen, since those who would rebel are eliminated and the ruler gains reputation and respect from his subjects. The examples of such principalities and rulers Machiavellie provides are of Moses, Cyrus, Romulus and Theseus. In the first example of Moses, Machiavelli admits that the lines are a bitShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Machiavelli s The Prince 1370 Words à |à 6 Pagesman. Niccolo Machiavelli and Immanuel Kant are political philosophers who have grappled with these very relationships. Machiavelli wrote The Prince over three centuries before the process of Italian unification had begun. The Italian Peninsula was fragmented and could not stand on its own especially compared to the unified powers like Spain and France. It is from this weak position that the Republic of Florence falls costing Machiavelli his own political power. And so, Machiavelli writes his bookRead MoreAnalysis Of Machiavelli s The Prince 1505 Words à |à 7 Pagessignificance in each text. Machiavelli believed that, ââ¬Å"a ruler must think only of military matters, and in time of peace he should be even more oc cupied with them than in times of warâ⬠(The Prince, 46). Furthermore, ââ¬Å"he will never relax during peacetime, but will always be working to take advantage of the opportunities peace presents, so he will be fully prepared when adversity comes. When his luck changes, he must be ready to fight backâ⬠(The Prince, 47). Therefore, according to Machiavelli during periods ofRead MoreAnalysis of Machiavellià ´s The Prince605 Words à |à 2 PagesThe great philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli, having such beliefs, puts to rest manââ¬â¢s downfall and presents that way to preservation in his book The Prince, which produces an effective guide for political action based off of his own philosophical beliefs and historyââ¬â¢s past. The Prince rest on the principle that, above all, the foundation for a rulerââ¬â¢s success is within verita effettualeââ¬âor, the effectiveness of a princeââ¬â¢s rule. Machiavelli urges rulers to focus on acting in ways that will result in Read MoreAnalysis Of Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince 1625 Words à |à 7 Pageswell-known Renaissance thinker, Niccolo Machiavelli, was one of those philosophers whose political views caused an uproar during earlier centuries. His view on effective leadership was rather harsh and not exactly adopted in the Italian society. As a Renaissance citizen, Machiavelli proved his writing skills through a number of works such as short stories, plays, and histories. His more popular works included those call the Discourses on Livy and The Prince-which will be described further more inRead MoreAn Analysis Of Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince 941 Words à |à 4 PagesNiccolo Machiavelli and Karl Marx developed theories concerning wealth and poverty in our society, as well as different types of governments. For instance, Machiavelli supported a capitalist economic system, unlike Marx, who embraced socialism in the society. Machiavelli wrote a book The Prince that explained how to be an effect ive leader. The theme of the book is the end justifies the means. A person could or should do whatever is necessary to achieve the desired goal. According to MachiavelliRead MoreAnalysis Of Nicolo Machiavelli s The Prince1536 Words à |à 7 PagesNicolà ³ Machiavelliââ¬â¢s The Prince highlights important aspects of successful leadership and power. The representations of gender and power in this text help to display the principles and guidelines that would make a leader successful in Machiavelliââ¬â¢s eyes. Throughout The Prince, Machiavelli implies that an individual with good morals will not obtain power, but rather that an individual who obtains power is assumed as morally upright by the people. One may wonder how a man whose reputation was a worshipperRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey And Machiavelli s The Prince2325 Words à |à 10 Pagesthe ideas of tradition and change as is seen in Homerââ¬â¢s Odyssey and Machiavelliââ¬â¢s The Prince. Both of these works fo cus a bit on the change from God to self, religion to self-awareness. In Homerââ¬â¢s Odyssey, the long held tradition that the gods of Mount Olympus controlled oneââ¬â¢s fate changed into the people forgoing their beliefs and believing they were able to create their own destiny. For Machiavelli and The Prince, a similar change occurred, but this change focused on politics and preserving oneselfRead MoreEssay on Machiavellis The Prince: Politics, War, and Human Nature1334 Words à |à 6 PagesMachiavellis The Prince: Politics, War, and Human Nature [I]t is necessary for a prince to know well how to use the beast and the man. (Machiavelli, The Prince, p. 69[1]). In this swift blow, Niccolà ² Machiavelli seems to strike down many visions of morality put up on pedestals by thinkers before his time. He doesnt turn to God or to some sort of common good for his political morality. Instead, he turns to the individual?more specifically, self-preservation in a position ofRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1719 Words à |à 7 PagesMachiavelliââ¬â¢s, The Prince, a book written by Niccolà ² Machiavelli, is a read that most people wouldnââ¬â¢t prefer to read as a first option but in defense to Niccolo, it brings out many themes such as Goodwill and Hatred, Free will, and Human Nature. ââ¬Å"It is known from his personal correspondence that The Prince was written during 1513, the year after the Medici took control of Florence, and a few months after Machiavelli s arrest, torture, and banishment by the Medici re gimeâ⬠(Bio.com). The novel wasRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli1681 Words à |à 7 Pagespersona technically impossible. To claim that Socrates would or would not be supportive of any political system might then seem irresponsible, a presumptuous analysis not fitting for an academic recognizing the false equivalence between Socratesââ¬â¢ philosophy and Machiavelliââ¬â¢s political ethics. The strategy to conduct any sort of liable and valid analysis is not to wholly ignore the ââ¬Å"politicalâ⬠part of the system but to evaluate the ethics behind the systems. The goal of this essay will be to compare and Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-18607462769384995122019-12-20T08:52:00.001-08:002019-12-20T08:52:03.788-08:00The Process Of Aging And Metabolism - 1259 Words The process of aging is one many dread and try to avoid. Arguably even worse than aging are age related diseases that see their onset as people get older. Aging and metabolism have been found to be closely connected. As individuals age, they usually gain weight because metabolism slows and their body composition changes. According to a paper published in Nature, after age 45 the average person loses about 10% of their muscle mass each decade and that mass is generally just turned into fat because their muscles cannot metabolize and use the added calories being consumed. As a result, consuming fewer calories has been proven to consistently extend lifespans and delay age-related diseases in evolutionary diverse organisms, meaning specialized multi-cellular organisms such as humans and animals. Several metabolites, molecules generated and used in intermediate steps of metabolic reactions, have been shown to slow the aging process and are of great interest to researchers because the mech anisms of how they do this is unknown. This project is a deeper dive into a specific molecule that was of particular interest to the research team during a screening of many endogenous molecules including metabolites and disease-associated metabolites. In this study, à ±-ketoglutarate (à ±-KG) is explored in order to determine if and how it effects the lifespan of adult Caenorhabditis elegans, also known as roundworms. à ±-KG is an important molecule in cellular respiration, particularly the citricShow MoreRelatedAccelerated Aging Essay1502 Words à |à 7 Pages The application of priming treatment before accelerated aging aims to reduce damage caused to the seeds, to confer increased tolerance to oxidative stress and, to compare the treatments before and after artificial aging. Primed seeds with ascorbic acid showed a higher concentration of CO2 than those primed with water, followed by the control treatment, for Janauba provenance. Priming also affected seeds from Pedro J. Caballero, which had a higher concentration of CO2 when primed with water. ThisRead MoreA Study On Metabolism Unfolded1733 Words à |à 7 PagesMetabolism unfolded Damian Sowa Institutional Affiliation(s) ââ¬Æ' Integrity Disclaimer I certify that the work presented here is my own. I have cited sources appropriately, have paraphrased correctly, and have written the work myself. I have not shared my work with other students currently enrolled in any other courses at Greenville Technical College or papers previously written for any Biology course. Bio 101-B01 April 5, 2017 Name section date Abstract Metabolism includes allRead MoreThe Effect Of Fructose On The Aging Process1291 Words à |à 6 Pagesmolecules play a role in the aging process. The Maillard process is dependent on the reactivity of the sugar involved. Fructose is much more reactive than glucose. In vivo, the rate of non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin was 7.5 greater, and the rate of protein cross-linking (a marker of aging) was 10 times greater, in the presence of fructose than in the presence of glucose. Therefore, it is safe to conclude that fructose has a much greater implication in the aging process than glucose, taking theRead MoreCommon Fat And Weight Loss Myths1272 Words à |à 6 Pageswill know the truth, and the truth is very powerful. Fat and Weight Loss Myth 1: If I exercise I can eat whatever I like and still be lean. Keep dreaming! How we all wish this could be true. Unfortunately, this is not the case. Our individual metabolism regulates how many calories we burn during rest and physical activity. If you consume more calories than your body needs, the excess calories will be stored as fat. Of course, there are exceptions to this rule. There are some individuals that haveRead MoreThe Role Of Bioenergetics On Disease And Use Of Small Molecule Therapeutics Essay1435 Words à |à 6 Pagesspectroscopy, molecular modelling and biophysics of the system applications are not left out while studying the specific chemical process of a disease. Bioenergetics further spans in the biology of mitochondrial that embodies biomedicine, features of mitochondrial disorders and energy metabolism (Zheng et-al, 2010, p.519). Alzheimerââ¬â¢s disease, Parkinsonââ¬â¢s disease, aging, cancer and diabetes are among the well-known neurodegenerative illnesses studied under bioenergetics and use of small molecule thera peuticsRead More Human Growth Hormone Essay1168 Words à |à 5 PagesHuman Growth Hormone Human growth hormone, a substance produced in the human body, is now being sold over the Internet. Companies are marketing the product as an anti-aging product. At the web-site, http://www.awakenhgh.com, the company claims that there is a possibility that one can stop the aging process. On the home page, they claim that the product can reduce fat and cellulite, increase energy and muscle tone, elevate mood, improve sexual performance and sleep, remove wrinkles, balanceRead MoreAntioxidants And Its Effects On Health1460 Words à |à 6 Pagescomplications and an increase in overall wellness. But beyond the hype of crunchy granolas, Toms, and antioxidants what should we all know about these compounds? What do they protect against and how is this accomplished? What is their relation to aging and disease? Can we trust the fad diet claims or more specifically, those in the supplement industry? If you are interested in the answer to any of these questions and more just stick around, I prom ise your time will be well spent. In short, antioxidantsRead MoreEssay On What Is The Secret To A Longer Life719 Words à |à 3 Pagesexisted, weââ¬â¢ve sought to answer this simple question. So far, the solution has eluded us, with the average global life expectancy sitting at just 68 years for males, and 72 for females. Until now, that is. Two new studies of male mice released by Cell Metabolism have produced findings that could push these numbers through the roof.à It seems the answer to a longer-life may have been sitting under our noses this entire time: ketones. The studies found ketogenic diets significantly extend median lifespanRead MoreThe Problems of Aging on Elderly1197 Words à |à 5 Pageswith respect to time. As the time passes a person grows old and his physical body becomes weak but his mentality has increased due to experiences.In scientific language senescenceis the term used for aging process. It is measured by the personââ¬â¢s date of birth which comes once in a year. The process of ageing is so interesting because it starts by your birth when you open your eyes for the first time in this world and then stops by your death. Ageing is a very important part of life and daily roundRead MoreDiet And Exercise Of Living A Healthy Life1307 Words à |à 6 Pageslook better on the outside but you will feel better on the inside. Depending on the results you are looking for you may choose one of the different ways to exercise. People who want to see dramatic changes in their appearance while raising their metabolism would choose s trength training. Strength training, or lifting weights, can also make your bones stronger as well as improve your athletic performance. For those who are looking to improve their heart and lungs, while also preventing obesity, diabetes Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-86626356801937581432019-12-12T05:23:00.001-08:002019-12-12T05:23:04.457-08:00Epidemiology for Amoebic Dysentery and Cancer- myassignmenthelp Question: Discuss about theEpidemiology for Amoebic Dysentery and Cancer. Answer: A Notifiable disease can be any disease that has a legal obligation to be reported to the government/ public health authorities, when it is diagnosed since the disease can be potentially harmful to health (Gibnet et al., 2016). It is also known as reportable disease. Collected reports of this disease can allow its monitoring, and provide an early warning if an outbreak is imminent. Several governments have laws being enacted and enforced that stipulates reporting of diseases in both Humans and Animals (or livestocks). Some of the notifiable diseases (caused by bacteria and viruses) in Australia are: Anthrax, Botulism, Brucellosis, Cholera, Diphtheria, Leprosy, Leptospirosis, Pertussis, Plague, Salmonellosis, Shigellosis, Syphillis, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Typhoid fever, AIDS, Arbovirus infections, Hepatitis, (A-E), HIV, Influenza, Measles, Poliomyelitis, Rubella, Small Pox and Yellow Fever. Other disease includes: Amoebic Dysentery, Cancer, Dysentr, Malaria, Giardiasis and Trichinosis , to name a few (Gibney et al., 2017). List of Australian websites that acts as repositories for information related to Notifiable disease: Department of Health, Australia (https://www.health.gov.au/casedefinitions) Department of Agriculture, Australia (https://www.agriculture.gov.au/pests-diseases-weeds/animal/notifiable) Database of notificable diseases, Australia (https://data.gov.au/dataset/national-notifiable-diseases-surveillance-system) Department of Health, Australia (https://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/Silver-book/STI-or-HIV-notification/Australian-national-notifiable-disease-case-definitions) Government of South Australia (https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/clinical+resources/health+notifications/notifiable+disease+reporting) Northern Territory Government (https://health.nt.gov.au/professionals/centre-for-disease-control/cdc-programs-and-units/notifiable-diseases) Federal Register of Legislation, Australian Government (https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2008L00800) Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Australia (https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/animal-industries/animal-health-and-diseases/notifiable) Livestock Biosecurity Network, Australia (https://www.lbn.org.au/farm-biosecurity/notifiable-diseases/) Signs and symptoms of Tuberculosis (TB): Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease which can be fatal if not treated properly (Fogel, 2015). The bacterium (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) spreads via tine droplets released while coughing or sneezing, and affects the lungs. However tuberculosis infection can exist in a Latent or Active state. In the Latent stage, the bacteria remain in the body in an inactive and non-contagious stage, and exhibit no symptoms. However, the latent bacterium can become active in the body, causing the onset of symptoms (Getahun et al., 2015). In the Active stage, the bacterium is infective and can spread from person to person. The typical signs and symptoms at this stage includes: Cough that lasts for more than three weeks, discharge of blood during cough, pain in the chest and difficulty in breathing, weight loss, fatigue, fever, nocturnal sweats, chills and appetite loss. Symptoms of primary pulmonary tuberculosis include fever or dry cough, and are often temporary. People suffering from pulmonary disea se from Tuberculosis can develop Tuberculosis Pleuritis. The pleural disease can occur when the diseased area ruptures into the space between the lining of abdominal cavities, chest and lungs, causing chest pains (Khan et al., 2013). The TB bacterium can also spread to different parts of body via blood, in immune-compromised patients, causing military tuberculosis (symptoms: fever, weakness, appetite and weight loss, cough and difficulty breathing). Infections of the upper respiratory system causes symptoms like frequent coughs, with a progressively increasing amount of mucous produced, coughing of blood, fever, loss of appetite and weight, and nocturnal sweats. In rare cases, the bacterium can also develop in other organs like Lymph Nodes, Bones and Joints, Genitourinary tract, Meninges and the lining of GI tract. Disease Burden of Tuberculosis: Studies from 2012 and 2013 shows the rate of TB occurrence in Australian born population at 0.9 to 1.0 per 100,000 individuals. Indigenous Australians have shown to experience a greater burden (4.5 to 4.6 per 100,000 individuals) of the disease, compared to Non Indigenous Australians (0.7 to 0.8 per 100,000), showing an incidence that is six times higher. Compared to to other countries, the disease burden of Tuberculosis in Australia is low (that is, less than 10 reported cases per 100,000) along with Western Europe, USA, Canada and New Zealand (https://www.who.int, 2017). Data collected by National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System showed 1317 reported cases as of 2012 and 1263 as of 2013 (rate of 5.8 to 5.2 per 100,000). The overseas-born Australians however showed a much higher incidence of TB at 19.5 to 18.4 per 100,000 cases. Multi Drug resistant TB also shows a lower prevalence in Australia at 20 cases reported as of 2012 and 22 as of 2013, most of which were reported in t he overseas born Australians. Also, the disease burden of TB tends to be higher among children than healthy adults (Seddon Shingadia, 2014). Overall, Australia shows an excellent and sustained control of TB, and proves its commitment to alleviate the global burden of this disease. Contact Tracing- In the context of epidemiology, Contact Tracing refers to the process of identification follow up and diagnosis of individuals who came in contact with the infected individual(s) (Begun et al., 2013). This is a useful means of controlling infectious disease (like TB, HIV and STDs) and their epidemiologic investigation and surveillance (Sabat et al., 2013). The purpose of contact tracing is to detect the early symptoms in the contacts, monitor and treat them for disease. It can help in secondary prevention (preventing disease in the individuals exposed to it) tertiary prevention (preventing severe outcomes) and prevent or contain outbreaks. Contact tracing is done when mode of contact is direct contact (casual or sexual). A pre-test tracing of contact is needed when there is high level of concern for the patient, and waiting for the laboratory reports can be detrimental. A post test tracing of contact is done after diagnosis have been confirmed, and can reduce adverse effects to the e xposed contacts. Steps of contact tracing: Step 1: Clarifying the reasons to trace contacts- The patients needs to be made aware of asymptomatic infection, possible complications if not tested, risk of infection. This can ensure proper participation from the infected, and uphold the basic human rights. While clarifying the reasons, information must also be justified with currently known knowledge, keeping the individuals up to date. Step 2: Help to identify whos who needs notifications of the disease- The mode of transmission, and the duration of infective stage needs to be discussed. Tracing back of contacts since the relevant time period. This will allow understanding the extent of the spread, and finding ways to control it. Also, depending upon the proximity to those contacts, a proper method to communicate with them must also be devised. The mode of transmission can allow understanding how the infection spreads through the population, so that the risks can be managed. Once the possible infection cases are identified they can be screened to check if they are test positive for TB. Step 3: Explanation of the methods involved and offering choice- Notification of patients can be done by patient or provider referral. Working with patients to identify appropriate methods applicable to each of the listed contacts. Patient referral involves personal notification by the index patient to his/her contacts. Provider referral involves the healthcare providers advising the patient directly or through an agency. Referring the patients can allow the screening of these contacts for exposure and infection. It can also check if any further infection was spread by those individuals. Step 4: Support to the patient, and providing patient referral for future contact. Since the patient undergoing screening and treatment requires medical expertise, and improper treatment can lead to complications or re exposure, it is important to educate the contacts about the right procedures, and provide support to them when needed (https://www.health.gov.au, 2017). Identification of contacts allows identifying the initial case, identifying additional incidents among individuals in contact with the initial case, identifying individuals who might be infected due to contact with the initial case, providing counseling and assessment to those diagnosed with TB. Categorization of the case is needed as per the degree of infectiousness. Also categorization of contacts depending upon the risk of exposure allows identifying the high risk cases. Examination of medium risk cases should follow next if there is any evidence of transmission. Investigation of contacts requires noting down of the history, performing IGRA and/or TST or radiographic investigation when indicated (Balmelli, 2014). All the contacts tested positive for TST or IGRA needs to be referred to healthcare practitioners involved in diagnosis and treatment of TB, and treatment for LTBI should be considered. Young children with a history of immuno-supression and TST below 5 should be referred for TB diagnosis and treatment. Children below 5 years in household contact with individuals tested smear positive should be evaluated for infection. In special cases like in exposure inside Aircraft, schools, hospitals or healthcare centers, or during pregnancy, factors like the infectiousness of the initial or index case should be analyzed. Also the duration of exposure (like the travel time in aircraft, or school hours, or the time admitted in hospital where the infection occurred must be noted). Susceptibility of those who might have been infected must also be taken into consideration. A list of possible consequences that might ensue, must be made and shared with the concerned individuals. Any delay between the infection and screening should be taken into account, as with increased delays, the chances of further exposure also increases. In Australia, contact racing needs to adhere to section 71 of Public Health Act 1991. The sensitivity and circumstances that dictates contact tracing, as well as its scope must be clarified. Advice must also be sought from NSW Department of Health. Next the degree of infectiousness must be noted, based on clinical, bacteriological, radiological and nucleic acid tests. The degrees of infectiousness can be categorized as High Infectiousness (positive for sputum smear/ laryngeal involvement/ x ray of chest/ evidence of transmission to others), Medium Infectiousness (smear negative but positive for sputum culture or nucleic acid test, pleural disease, positive smear for bronchial wash) and Low Infectiousness (negative for sputum smear and culture). Determination of the infective period is important to identify the high risk groups for tracing. The infective period needs to be considered 3 months prior to the TB diagnosis, unless a clear set date of the onset exists. Assigning priority can be done based on naming risk groups (high risk, medium risk and low risk). High Risk groups would be those who have had regular and long contacts inside a closed environment during the infective period, and can include individuals in the same household, close relatives, friends, colleagues who are working closely in a small work area (Gao et al., 2016). Medium Risk groups would be those who would have frequent but lesser time spent with the infected and can include relatives, friends, schoolmates, colleagues, neighbors who are not in high risk group. Low Risk group would be the other contacts in workplace or school or other places that are not in High or Medium Risk groups. Risk groups for Tuberculosis also need to be identified. The chances of TB progressing from latent to infective stage is considerably higher in children who are below 5 years, who are suffering with HIV; people receiving 15mg or more of prednisone (or equivalent) for four or more weeks; people on immunosuppressive medication; people suffering from cancer/ diabetes mellitus/ silicosis/ and kidney failure; and people who underwent jejunoileal surgery or gastrectomy. The high risk contacts are to be screened the first. General Information on TB: Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacterium generally invades the lungs, but is also capable of infecting other organs. In its latent form, TB shows no symptoms, but has a 10% chance of progressing to active or infective form. The most common symptoms include chronic cough, sputum with blood, night sweats and fevers accompanied by loss of weight. The disease spreads via air (by sputum droplets discharged due to cough, sneeze or while speaking) from individuals who have infective stage of the bacterium in their lungs. According to WHO report on Tuberculosis in 2016, a total of 1376 cases (new and relapse) were reported in Australia. The rate of mortality from TB+ HIV were reported at 0.02 (per 100,000), and incidence of TB+HIV at 0.12 (per 100,000). Overall the disease burden of TB is Australia is very low, with the highest reported cases found among Overseas born or Non residential Australians. Infectiousness and Risk Factors of Tuberculosis: Tiny aerosol droplets (0.5 to 5.0 microns) up to 40,000 in number can be discharged while coughing or sneezing. With a small dose of infection (less than 10 bacterium to fully develop the disease), each of the infective droplet can potentially cause or spread the disease. People in constant contact with the infected are at a high risk of developing TB symptoms (Fox et al., 2013). An infected person can potentially spread the disease to an average of 10-15 people or more in a year. Transmission occurs only from only those people who have active TB, and the latent form is not contagious. The chances of the spread of infection depends upon several factors, like the number of infective droplets released, the ventilation condition inside the place where the droplets were released in the air, the length of exposure, the level of virulence of the bacterium (drug resistant/ multi drug resistant) and the immune condition of the individuals exposed. Risk Factors: People suffering with HIV are at the highest risk globally (Sester et al., 2014). Also, the disease is related closely in overcrowded places, especially when people are suffering from malnutrition, thereby making it a disease of poverty. Other risk factors includes people involved in drug abuse, those in contact with or working the infected individuals, economically poor or underprivileged societies, children who are exposed to the pathogen, ethnic minorities, healthcare professionals involved in TB treatment and management (Narasimhan et al., 2013). Chronic lung disease can also increase the chances on TB infection along with Silicosis and tobacco smoking. Certain diseases like diabetes mellitus can also be a risk factor for TB. In addition genetic susceptibility, medications like corticosteroids and alcoholism can increase the prevalence of the disease. High Risk groups: The high risk groups of contact tracing includes those who have had regular and long contacts inside a closed environment during the infective period, like individuals in the same household, close relatives, friends, colleagues who are working closely in a small work area. Foreign nationals who have emigrated from a country with high disease burden of TB in the last 5 years. Residents living in high risk settings (prisons, homeless shelters, nursing home, rehabilitation centers, healthcare centers). Healthcare professionals who are treating infected individuals. Low income groups or other groups who might be under serviced medically and high risk ethnic minorities. Children or infants or adolescents exposed to the disease. Also the risk of the disease progressing from the infective to non infective stage is higher in people with HIV infection, people already infected with TB in the last 2 years (specially infants or young children), people with existing medical conditions, people who were improperly treated for TB previously, and drug users (van Hest de Vries, 2016). Procedures for Household contacts: The Household contacts are at a high risk of developing the disease. Those exposed to highly infectious case needs to be screened in the span of 7 days from diagnosis. Those exposed to low or medium infective cases be screened by 2 weeks from diagnosis. Tracing of TB cases which are extra pulmonary can be done to identify the source or initial case. Contact screening should also be done when the infection is thought to be transmitted in the past. On the first visit, a clinical history needs to be recorded to clarify the risk of exposure, record the vaccination status for BCG, identifying symptoms related to TB, identifying any pre existing medical condition that can increase the risk of the disease, and identifying situations that can interfere with the result of TST. In the current scenario, the following measures are needed to screen contacts of the source case: The family members by screened for TB. Their BCG vaccination status and reported symptoms be noted. Any pre existing medical condition is noted. Rest period and chances of re infection: The patient would need a resting period of 6 months, during which he will have minimal contacts with the outside world, preferably in a private room, with sufficient ventilation. The isolation needs to be continued as long as 3 consecutively negative results occur in sputum smear test. During the resting period, contacts of the index case will still be at high risk, and therefore would have to undergo regular screening for the infection. Once the disease is successfully cured from the index case, there will be no chances of re infection. Therefore teachers and parents need not worry about being reinfected, once the recommended treatment procedure has been complied with (Horsburgh, Barry Lange, 2015). Guidelines for the control of Tuberculosis in Northern Territory and Victoria: The jurisdiction of Northern Territory comprises of Disease Control units in Darwin, Tennant Creek, Alice Springs and Nhulunby. The jurisdiction of Victoria is in the state of Victoria. In the Northern Territory jurisdiction, the cases are first categorized based on infectiousness. After this a list of contacts are obtained from the infected patients and arranged according to their risks. The high risk contacts are next identified, followed by medium and low risk individuals. If the case diagnosis is from an indigenous community, the treating staff needs to travel to such areas and help to educate the community, and assist contacts whenever necessary (https://digitallibrary.health.nt.gov.au, 2017). In the Victoria Jurisdiction, public nurses from The Victorian Tuberculosis Program are responsible for both contact tracing and investigation. The practices follow the protocols set by the Communicable Diseases Network of Australia (CDNA) via a series of National Guidelines, and are endorsed by AHPPC (Australian Health Protection Principal Committee (2013). The index case is identified by clinical presentations, symptom duration, disease site, bacteriological report and radiological report. Once the index case is identified, the high risk contacts are then identified, followed by medium and low risk contacts. The contacts have to then undergo clinical evaluation, tuberculin skin test (TST) or Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA). The TST also needs to be repeated after 8-12 weeks. A chest X ray is done next, followed by contact follow-ups and any special categories also need to be identified (www.thermh.org.au, 2017). So, it can be seen that the northern territory employs an additional role of educating indigenous communities who are at high risk of TB, and providing support to them in their treatment. References: Balmelli, C., Zysset, F., Pagnamenta, A., Francioli, P., Lazor-Blanchet, C., Zanetti, G., Zellweger, J. P. (2014). Contact tracing investigation after professional exposure to tuberculosis in a Swiss hospital using both tuberculin skin test and IGRA.Swiss medical weekly,144, w13988-w13988. Begun, M., Newall, A. T., Marks, G. B., Wood, J. G. (2013). Contact tracing of tuberculosis: a systematic review of transmission modelling studies.PloS one,8(9), e72470. Dean, A., Zignol, M., Mecatti, F. (2015).Guidelines for surveillance of drug resistance in tuberculosis. World Health Organization WHO Press. Fogel, N. (2015). Tuberculosis: a disease without boundaries.Tuberculosis,95(5), 527-531. Fox, G. J., Barry, S. E., Britton, W. J., Marks, G. B. (2013). Contact investigation for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European Respiratory Journal,41(1), 140-156. Gao, L., Bai, L., Liu, J., Lu, W., Wang, X., Li, X., ... Jin, Q. (2016). Identification of populations at high risk of tuberculosis infection in rural China: a population-based, multicentre, prospective study.The Lancet,388, S16. Getahun, H., Matteelli, A., Chaisson, R. E., Raviglione, M. (2015). Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.New England Journal of Medicine,372(22), 2127-2135. Gibney, K. B., Cheng, A. C., Hall, R., Leder, K. (2016). An overview of the epidemiology of notifiable infectious diseases in Australia, 19912011.Epidemiology Infection,144(15), 3263-3277. Gibney, K. B., Cheng, A. C., Hall, R., Leder, K. (2017). Sociodemographic and geographical inequalities in notifiable infectious diseases in Australia: a retrospective analysis of 21 years of national disease surveillance data.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,17(1), 86-97. Horsburgh Jr, C. R., Barry III, C. E., Lange, C. (2015). Treatment of tuberculosis.New England Journal of Medicine,373(22), 2149-2160. https://digitallibrary.health.nt.gov.au. (2017).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me.Digitallibrary.health.nt.gov.au. Retrieved 2 November 2017, from https://digitallibrary.health.nt.gov.au/prodjspui/bitstream/10137/696/4/TB%20Guidelines%20May%202016.pdf https://www.health.gov.au. (2017).Department of Health | Tuberculosis notifications in Australia, 2012 and 2013.Health.gov.au. Retrieved 1 November 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdi3902f.htm https://www.who.int. (2017).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me.Who.int. Retrieved 2 November 2017, from https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/ Khan, A. H., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Muttalif, A. R., Hassali, M. A., Akram, H., Gillani, S. W. (2013). Pleural tuberculosis and its treatment outcomes.Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,12(4), 623-627. Narasimhan, P., Wood, J., MacIntyre, C. R., Mathai, D. (2013). Risk factors for tuberculosis.Pulmonary medicine,2013. Sabat, A. J., Budimir, A., Nashev, D., S-Leo, R., Van Dijl, J. M., Laurent, F., ... ESCMID Study Group of Epidemiological Markers (ESGEM). (2013). Overview of molecular typing methods for outbreak detection and epidemiological surveillance.Euro surveill,18(4), 20380. Seddon, J. A., Shingadia, D. (2014). Epidemiology and disease burden of tuberculosis in children: a global perspective.Infection and drug resistance,7, 153. Sester, M., Van Leth, F., Bruchfeld, J., Bumbacea, D., Cirillo, D. M., Dilektasli, A. G., ... Gerogianni, I. (2014). Risk assessment of tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. A TBNET study.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,190(10), 1168-1176. Toms C, e. (2017).Tuberculosis notifications in Australia, 2012 and 2013. - PubMed - NCBI.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 1 November 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26234258 van Hest, R., de Vries, G. (2016). Active tuberculosis case-finding among drug users and homeless persons: after the outbreak.European Respiratory Journal,48(1), 269-271. www.thermh.org.au. (2017).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me.Thermh.org.au. Retrieved 2 November 2017, from https://www.thermh.org.au/sites/default/files/media/documents/Management%2C%20control%20and%20prevention%20of%20tuberculosis%20-%20Guidelines%20for%20health%20care%20providers%20-%202015.pdf Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-29077415526052473342019-12-04T17:04:00.001-08:002019-12-04T17:04:05.778-08:00Developing Effective Communication Skills Question: Discuss about the Developing Effective Communication Skills. Answer: Introduction It is often believed that having groups in making decisions is an essential idea as different ideas can lead to outcomes that a single person cannot accomplish. Once a decision has been made, the group finds it easier to get along in the implementation process as it is often believed that group decisions are fairer. However, Benjamin (2016) denotes that there are many complications that face the effectiveness of group performance and preventing them from achieving the full potential. It is hence essential to understand the steps that we can take in making groups that we are involved in effective. This paper focuses on a detailed discussion of communication as an aspect of the group success. It presents how the lack of proper communication can lead to dysfunctional behaviors in a group, recommendations for improving group performance, as well as steps that can be adopted to remove the dysfunctional behaviors in a team to ensure effective performance. Communication is an essential aspect when considering the possibility of effective performance between individual or group relationships. Camacho (2016) denotes that in making decisions, it is vital that effective communication is adopted by members of a team as well as the chosen leaders. It is a major determinant of clear decision-making in balancing the authority and input of the members and the leaders in finding solutions to possible challenges affecting the team according to Riordan (2016). Effective communication hence enables a team to evaluate possible challenges and differences, finding agreements, and breaking impasses when occasions demand (Rogers Creasy, 2016). Through effective communication, conflicts and issues are handled and delivered an effective and straightforward manner rather than underground where they are likely to destroy or taint the trust and dynamics of group performance. Functional and Dysfunctional behaviors in a team In a team, a functional behavior is defined as a group aspect that promotes the effective performance and efficient interaction of the team members in working towards achieving its goals and set objective. Such a group has all the physical, spiritual, mental, and emotional aspects of the group intact and united towards achieving a healthy fulfillment of tasks. According to Derue and Paul, (2015), such a group is often coupled with healthy communication and good relationship between the members and the leaders. In such a group, the members value each other, view their performance as a learning experience, are flexible to positive adjustments, and value each other as unique and essential to the success of the team (Sarkissian, 2016). On the other hand, a dysfunctional behavior is an abnormal behavior that is contrary to the expected or a vivid sense of the group performance diverting from the normal. Dysfunctional behavior is substantially harmful to the successful performance of a tea m and leads to the diminishment of the success of the team. According to Jackson and Joshi (2011), dysfunctional behaviors always create negative emotions among the members that hence diminish the performance. However, these consequences can disappear when the team members refrain from negative feelings. Effective communication is hence a key to preventing the detriments in team performance (Fortin, 2016). Dysfunctional behavior is a common experience leading to social undermining, antisocial behavioral changes, blame games, eventually the fall of a team, and is often tied to poor communication in solving the challenges that a team faces. For instance, as a team player and lover of economic development, I joined a group consisting of fifteen members, most of which are my colleagues from school and at work. As the foundation of the team, we had an objective of economic balance and stability. Members decided that each of us will be contributing a certain amount of money, with a minimum of $50 which will be channeled to a particular group account for savings as most of the members had an interest in venturing on small businesses. From the savings, we would be able to acquire loans for our small businesses. It was a great idea that picked off well at the beginning. Barely two years later, issues of mistrust started to arise with others having a fear that we had not thought well and the whole idea was not focused towards achieving something. We started getting unconfirmed rumors that the signatories were planning to disappear with the savings after secret withdrawals after realizing some few weaknesses in our constitutions that in the real sense only required some adjustments. Currently, we are still battling with finding the best solution to the issue. On the other hand, I also belong to a football team that is very effective and is performing very well. With football as my hobby, our team is very stable and functional where every team member values the contribution of the other players. With good leadership and effective communication, we are often able to sort our differences and work towards the goals, being the winners in every match. The two teams differ in the manner that they deal with the challenges and the negative emotions expressed by the members. In the first team, the members are implicitly or explicitly encouraged to express their negative feelings blowing off the steam and morale of performance of the members. The team is hence imprisoned by frustration and anxiety resulting to dysfunctional behavior. Even though the team members are exhausting their resources in trying to cope up with the negative feelings and challenges they are facing, lack of effective communication between the leaders and among the members themselves is leading to the decline of the overall performance. On the other hand, the football team operates differently with every member knowing that the success of the team is the success of everyone. In contrast to the first team, the group members tend to withhold their expression of negative thoughts and battle up their game as the feelings can only make things worse during a match. Inste ad, players remain focused towards the tasks at hand enabling the team to retain the level of its performance. At the end of every task, the team meets to discuss everything that transpires during their matches and training so as to find solutions to possible challenges, an aspect that ensured the team is intact. It is hence evident that effective communication leads to dysfunctional team behavior as it determines the way they express their feelings (Liden, 2015). Recommendations for improving group performance In their study, Goodwin and Halpin (2013), Yetton and Bottger (2015), and Bufanio (2014) recommend the following procedure as effective in improving the functionality of the group. Once there is a realization in the dysfunctional nature of the team and possible toxic behaviors that might affect performance, it is recommended that the team adopt a simple four-step process that will help re-directing the team into the right direction. However, the claim of the procedure is not saddling mindless formulaic steps to be adopted but to help the team think about their course of action in a more detailed manner. It is hence a strategy that will ensure the team interventions targets the real toxicity while not just dealing with the symptoms. Glen and Maria (2016) claim that following these steps with initiating full understanding of the issues that will help the team in underpinning the team toxicity issues and increase its chances of being functional. These steps include; Finding the toxic behaviors and their impacts that are causing the team to be dysfunctional Claiming and assigning responsibilities Choosing or making decisions on possible interventions Implementing and monitoring the performance First, it is essential to identify the dysfunctional nature of the team while evaluating every toxic behavior as well as the impacts it has caused in a group. With the help and contribution of every team member, the team leader should begin by listing the most troubling behaviors. The list does not need to be very exhaustive nor should the team start analyzing them yet. According to Glen and Maria (2016), generating a good list will require the team member to find answers to the questions such as what areas do most of the team members complain about, what bothers the leader most, or what are the possible excuses that people often use. The whole of the team should be held in a brainstorming conversation together to find possible answers to these issues and concerns. Riordan (2016) denotes that the team then needs to analyze the meaning of the behaviors regarding how they impact operations, emotional response of the team, and the assumptions that often arise when they occur. The second step often involves claiming and assigning responsibilities by rethinking blames and conflicts while adopting effective future-oriented approaches. In this case, the ability of the team leader to create a challenge or allow it to fester and accurately see his responsibility will help in choosing the right intervention and be the example for the team of what it means to take responsibility. Glen and Maria (2016) denote that a dysfunctional team is like a broken system where an individual cannot be responsible for the descent of the team into toxicity. In a healthy group, inconsistent behavior of one person towards the groups expectation should either be corrected or rejected Jackson and Joshi (2011). Healthy teams do have social norms acting like the immune system to reject irresponsible behavior instead of allowing it to multiply since unhealthy team often protect any toxic status quo. The third step requires the team to choose a direction and intervention that will help in solving the issues identified. However, care needs to be taking in the evaluation of the principles of intervention adopted. For instance, the intervention adopted need to address the behavior, not assumptions or emotions. The intervention should also make a visible, forceful, symbolic break from the past as pointed out by Derue and Paul, (2015). Through the interventions adopted, the team members need to see the better future instead of the dark past. Depending on the behaviors identified, the options of the interventions adopted can be individual, collective, or structural. Individual interventions might be having a private conversation with responsible team members about their behavior and the expectations of the team for future behavior. A specialist can as well be hired to work with the individual on sorting their behavioral issues. However, the threat can as well be issued or demotions in extreme cases Goodwin and Halpin (2013). The collective interventions will affect the entire group since they are collectively visible and will help in establishing a shared sense of what behavior is expected. These can include communicating to everyone about the acceptable behavior, holding offsite meetings aimed at addressing team values, adopting training sessions and team-building arrangements, as well as the establishment of written formal ground rules for acceptable behaviors. A structural intervention can be restructuring the roles of the team and reassigning to fill the roles. Fourth, the success of the team is dependent on the implementation and monitoring the communication intervention of choice. Increasing the chances of survival and success hence require the team to enlist key players who can be entrusted with different roles and responsibilities of the discussed issues (Derue and Paul, 2015). These should have a future focus, acknowledgment of emotions to diffuse them, being clear on what is acceptable and what is unacceptable, focusing on the selected principles, and a relentless follow-up. Removing dysfunctional behaviors and enhancing functional behaviors Many studies and reviews on effective team performance denote that serious strife within teams is often a common challenge according to Yetton and Bottger (2015). The same study denotes that among individuals, strive can arise as a result of poor productivity, low job satisfaction, despair, physical ailments, anger, and team discord that causes stress. For a team, these factors can impair learning, collaboration, productivity, and survival of the group. Discord can lead to an increment of the organizational operation costs when an organization needs to invest in performance management, medication, conflict resolution, and coaching. Goodwin and Halpin (2013) also point out that the toxicity of a group can greatly affect the group members as well as the organizational performance. However, the following can be adopted to help a toxic group recover from any dysfunctional behavior; The group leaders need to initiate a crucial group conversation In his study, Fortin (2016) denotes that the ability of a leader to address team conflicts is an essential aspect of the effective performance of a team in resolving any existing toxicity. Ideally, the team leader should be able to address every issue that comes and is likely to result in a conflict. However, in case the leader is also part of the problem, it will call for the need of an external person to initiate the conversation. Sarkissian (2016) denotes that a true mettle of a group or team goes into a test through observation of how it deals with violated expectations and bad behaviors, while the success will depend on how the leader handles the issues. Therefore, leaders that often avoid crucial conversations in fear of damaging their relationships ultimately pay the price of a damaged team performance and morale. Stopping bullying to focus on accountability Once a leader has initiated a conversation, Benjamin (2016) denotes that it is essential for the team members to join and take responsibility for their actions and roles in causing the toxic aspects affecting the team. It is often far easier to join and blame others than to take responsibility for ones offense as other members can bully others to get their way. At times, it can take the form of yelling, glaring, humiliating, spreading rumors, interrupting, making unfounded accusations, undervaluing, glaring, or sabotaging other group members. In his study, Fortin (2016) denotes that such actions only result in creating miserable working environments. Instead, members need to focus on engaging in behaviors that can help the team to move forward and achieve results. For instance, sports team often call players only in meetings that will help them to turn around losing situations, rebuild teamwork, and raise morale, strategies that will often see the team through winning sides even with out the help of a coach. Work on conflict, communication, and problem-solving ideas and skills Just as a person can need assistance with personal relationships, a team can also need help in sorting and developing positive and beneficial relationships. Intense cases, people often make rash decisions and judgments and assign blames. However, Jackson and Joshi (2011) point out that professionally facilitated occasion can help in the airing of basic issues so as to help to make better team relationships and effective performance. Creating shared goals and shared visions Having clear goals along with a shared vision with the larger purpose behind the goals gives the team a structure and direction as well as a context within which decisions can be made by members. The goals setting process should as well involve the team to increase the buy-in ability of each member, their commitment, and proper planning aimed at achieving the individual goals. In the dysfunctional and toxic satiations of a team, Riordan (2016) denotes that everyone needs to focus and move beyond the past by forgetting but learning from the past mistakes and pressing on together for greater future achievements. Developing a proper and strategic social contract for team behaviors With the help of the team leader, every team needs to set the ground rules that will govern the behavior of the team, information sharing, decision making, and support towards the ideas and shared objectives of each group member as pointed out by (Fortin, 2016). The same study denotes that social contracts can also set the norms for the interaction of the team. Members hence need to prescribe positive behaviors such as honesty, candid, transparency, and be careful of from being influenced by negative thoughts such as negative communication blasts to other team members. Recognizing that disagreements should not be used as a form of revenge Having differences in opinions, cognitive conflicts, and respectful debates can make contribute to a healthy team as pointed out by Yetton and Bottger (2015). Also, debating and discussing on serious issues regularly affecting the team can at the result into better team decisions. However, such issues can be very detrimental to the group when they get personal. It is this recommended that the team members need to know when to stop complaining or fighting and start more listening and gathering for more evidence. The leader should encourage the team members to remain open to new ideas, explore opinions, accept inputs from other people, and work towards achieving the win to win solutions. In doing so, every team member needs to accept the issues discussed and the chosen outcome and not harbor grudges against other members depending on the decisions made as well as their opinions. Conclusion The above literature analysis on the dynamics and effects of a group dysfunction points out that it can lead to devastation. It hence required that team members should recognize the fact so as to avoid missing opportunities for having great achievements that cannot be achieved by an individual but with a team as a whole. It is the reason for the common say that no one, not software billionaires, not professional athletes, not rock stars, and not even the geniuses and the sharp minds can make it alone. Getting the team working together in every stage of making decisions, it is possible to dominate any industry in the dynamic market against any competition. References Benjamin, D. R. (2016). Developing Effective Communication Skills - An Important Aspect for Engineers Doctors.Language In India,16(3), 194-201. Bufanio, K. M. (2014). Reciprocal relationships, causal influences, and group efficacy: A reply to Kaplan.Small Group Research, 28(4), 5595 Camacho, L. M. (2016). Perception of performance in group brainstorming: The illusion of group productivity.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19(1), 7889. Derue, D. S., Paul, J. B. (2014). The riddle of hierarchy: Power transitions in cross-functional teams.Academy Of Management Journal,57(2), 327-352. doi:10.5465/amj.2011.0756 Fortin, C. (2016). Processes in healthcare teams that include nurse practitioners: what do patients and families perceive to be effective?.Journal Of Clinical Nursing,25(5/6), 619-630. doi:10.1111/jocn.13085 Glen, P Maria, M (2016). Toxic team: Four Steps of Transforming Dysfunctional Teams. Retrieved from https://l1.osdimg.com/online/dam/pdf/en/gb/US004_WP_Transforming-Dysfunctional-Teams.pdf Goodwin, G. F., Halpin, S. M. (2013). Does team training improve team performance? A meta-analysis.Human Factors, 50(6), 903933. Jackson, S. E., Joshi, A. (2011). Work team diversity. In S. Zedeck (Ed.),APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol 1: Building and developing the organization.(pp. 651686). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Liden, R. C. (2015). Making a difference in the teamwork: linking team prosocial motivation to team processes and effectiveness.Academy Of Management Journal,58(4), 1102-1127. doi:10.5465/amj.2012.1142 Riordan, C (2016). Why teams turn toxic and how to health them, Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesleadershipforum/2011/09/20/why-teams-turn-toxic-and-how-to-heal-them/#21fc76945988 Rogers, T., Creasy, T. (2016). four elements necessary for effective inter-team communication Wit and Humor.Supervision,77(8), 3-7. Sarkissian, N. (2016). Empirical study of communication structures and barriers in geographically distributed teams.IET Software,10(5), 147-153. doi:10.1049/iet-sen.2015.0112 Yetton, P., Bottger, P. (2015). The relationships among group size, member ability, social decision schemes, and performance.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 32(2), 145159. Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-11990349382184455032019-11-28T05:13:00.001-08:002019-11-28T05:13:02.543-08:00Types Of Love In Romeo And Juliet Essays - , Term Papers Types of love in Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is a play about two lovers separated by their feuding families. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life.(Pro.I.6) The two foes Shakespeare speaks of are the Montagues and the Capulets. Their hate for each other is great and violent. The hate of the two families is shown early with a street brawl. The hate causes the lovers to hide their love from their families until the very end. after Romeo and Juliet died in the Caplulet tomb the two families see their hate and reconcile for the love of their beloved children. Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet reviled love as a war as a religion as a malady and as a cult. The theme of love, which he explains in other keys in plays before and after remain central, though now it is to idealized in all seriousness(Sauffer 29). All through the play Shakespeare constantly held love as the basis of the play. The actual ethical energy of the drama resides in its Wise,2 realization of the purity and intensity of ideal love. Here there is no swerving(Stauffer 32). Stauffer believes that Romeo and Juliet's love was pure and intense also it is constant ever since the they lay eyes on each other. Romeo and Juliet's love is a perfect blending of body and soul. The obstacle which is a feature of the amour-passion legend is partly external, the family feud; but is partly a sword of the lovers' won tempering since, unlike earlier tellers of the story, Shakespeare leaves us with no explanation of why Romeo did not put Juliet on his horse and make for Manturia(Mahood 392). If Romeo would leave Verona with his love Juliet both will live with each other and could be in love till they are old and gray, but instead Romeo leaves with out his love and die young with each other. The love of Romeo and Juliet is immediate violent and final. In the voyage of the play they abandon themselves to a rudderless course that must end in ship wreck(Mahood 392). "Thou desperate pilot, now at once run on the dashing rocks, thy sea sick weary burke: He eres my Louve."(V.iiii 117-119) The theme of Romeo and Juliet is love and violence and their interactions. In it these two mightiest of mighty opposites meet each other squarely - and one wins(Goddard 118). The whole secrete of the play is that the deaths of Wise,3 the lovers are not the result of the hatred of the houses, nor of any other cause except love itself, which seeks death in its own restoring cordial. Love conquers death even more surly than it defeats hate. It sweeps aside all accidents so that fate itself seems powerless. Time is defeated, in that first stirring of a belief that Shakespeare came later to trust completely: that the intensity of an emotion towers above its temporal duration or success(Stauffer 32). What Stauffer is trying to say is that love is very powerful and even in death the love continues. Romeo finds Juliet's sleeping body after she had drank the potion, and he believes her to be dead. Romeo is slain when Juliet wakes up from here sleep. Out of fear and love she inserts a dagger into her heart with the famous line "Oh happy dagger". Even though the two lovers are dead their love continues. The love between Romeo and Juliet was forbidden by the two families because of their hatred for each other. Most religions say to honor your parents and if their parents new of the love it could have been disaterious. After Juliet marries Romeo the Nurse tries to convince Juliet to commit bigamy. She wants here to marry Paris so that all will be right with here father and the rest of the Capulet family, Juliet refuses. Wise,4 At the time Romeo meets Juliet, he is infatuated with a woman named Roseline. Romeo's moon struck calf-love for Rosaline must be laughed out of him by his friends Benvolio and Mercutio, by his guide Friar Lawrence and by his own true love. For Romeo doting upon Rosalin, love was malady and religion; for Mercutio it is sheer lunacy or a brutal conquest(Mahood 398). Mercutio's realm of love was lust, also very false by nature. For all the bad things the be said about lust, it is where all the jokes are and Mercutio being a joker used it to his full advantage. In trying to call Romeo over the wall, he tried a certain amount of discussion about Rosline's body Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-86254228035459339672019-11-24T12:47:00.001-08:002019-11-24T12:47:02.824-08:00Wag the Dog essaysWag the Dog essays Wag the Dog is a funny, but yet insightful movie, that provides a lot of insight into the world of politics. It provides remarkable resemblance to many events that has happened in this present time. This film touches on issues many aspects of the truth and the responsibilities we have as a society to insure that it is maintained. Wag The Dog demonstrates what kind of influences that politics, the media, and the entertainment world can have on public perceptions. The plot of the film consists of the U.S. President running for a second term. There is only 11 days before the presidential election and he is accused of being sexually involved with a Firefly Girl in the Oval Office. In order to protect his image and save face with the American population, White House aide Winifred Ames brings in a spin-doctor named Conrad Brean. Brean, know as Mr. Fixit who is masterminded a lot of covering up scandals, has a motto: to change the story, change the lead. To distract the press from the Firefly Girl scandal, he advises for the President to extend his trip in Asia in order to buy time to come up with a plan to take the media pressure off this scandal. Brean comes up with a phony international crisis with Albania. He brings in a Hollywood film director named Stanley Moss to produce the war by through the media in order to make it appear to be real. With many different tactics and lots of lies and deception, Bream and Moss achieve their goal of t aking the taking the attention off the Firefly Girl scandal and getting the President elected for a second term. Even thought this movie wasnt based on a true story, it addresses a lot of issues that often arises in politics as well as society as a whole. Wag the Dog, reflects how America has been susceptible to the mirage that leaders can hide themselves behind. The movie addresses numerous issues that exist in American society. ... Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8176885749708094552.post-21672466244165128262019-11-21T07:25:00.001-08:002019-11-21T07:25:10.520-08:00Change Management - one best way Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsChange Management - one best way - Assignment Example This acknowledgment was established to have basis prevalent ambiguity all through the segment activating an idea that change was required. (Seger, 2005) The centre of such change on directorial background materialises to have been influenced by facts of the noticeable achievement of other society organisation labours in the UK and US. An administrator asserts: The spotlight on society organisation shows to have been emphasises by the determined service of young UK skilled executives who are observed as both well-informed of recent UK leisure practice and thus important causes of contemporary information. These new work force appear to have established new thoughts into the business and have dynamically inscribed the merits of society administration-something the senior directors carefully planned a narrative cause of prospective gung ho benefit. (Olson, 2001) The NewTech change scheme involved a continuing twelve-month programme planned to change not only the procedures of the corporation but also the fundamental thinking of directorial affiliates. In this regard, it shows that the top administration of Isis Hotel Luxor maintained the progress of change centred on imposing purchaser dominion and escalating stages of purchaser direction. In spite of concerning considerable assets and time outlay, the pr... At the end of 1997 the proprietors of the corporation determined what they experienced required to be completed and applied the change over the subsequent year, as promptly as probable. The change programme did not have any stages as such, even though six months into the scheme an augmented stress was situated on altering lower-level employee viewpoint and behaviours. Early systems and structural changes were hurried through as easily as was probable. (Collins, 2005) The original changes leaned to centre on artefact changes whilst the same time as afterward changes were cantered on leisure hotel measures and humanising purchase-orientation. Dazzling a strong interior artistic centre, the four proprietors of the corporation powerfully supposed that the society change was required but that Isis Hotel Luxor should rely on internal work force and proficiency rather than exterior managers. Although some changes were derivative from other associations, top directors have always had the con viction that no outer help was essential for their execution. Instead, top administration disagreed that the comprehensive corporeal changes could be handled by top employees at the same time as leisure hotel directors would be capable to manipulate the behaviours and viewpoints of lower employees. Impacts of Change Research of interrogate facts divulge that the NewTech changed was apparent to have impacted on recital results, behavioural stakeholder interface as well as spiralling some usual accessible views. However, some inadvertent penalties of these changes also emerge to have distorted the views of Top executives. In conditions of recital results, Top personnel thought that the NewTech scheme had an Coraline Mccunehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12556571744053489386noreply@blogger.com0