Why was there an economic crisis in Germany in 1923 Essay Example

For what reason was there a monetary emergency in Germany in 1923 Paper There are a few causes to the monetary emergency in Germany in 1923. The Great War contributed incredibly to this, yet Germanys issues had started even before the War had begun. In 1914 the German Government chose to fall off of the Gold Standard. This was a framework wherein each monetary certificate had a proportionate whole of gold, kept in the vaults of the German Central Bank. You could go to the bank and would have the option to trade your note for gold, in spite of the fact that individuals would regularly utilize the notes to purchase things, similar to an IOU, as it was simpler to do this than to utilize bits of gold. At the point when the First World War started in 1914, Germany required more cash to pay for food and weapons. The German Government found that the most effortless approach to acquire more cash was to print more notes. This diminished the genuine estimation of the cash, as there was more cash available for use. During the War there were food deficiencies, this implied there was too barely any merchandise to purchase for the measure of cash that there was available for use. We can see that expansion happened, in light of the uncommon fall in the estimation of cash. In January 1921, there were 64 imprints to the dollar, by November 1923; this sum had risen radically to 4. trillion imprints to the dollar! Expansion had been happening since 1914, so was a drawn out reason for the financial emergency. At the point when Germany lost the Great War to the partners, they needed to concur with the provisions of the bargain of Versailles. One of the provisions of this settlement was that Germany needed to lose land to France, Belgium, Denmark, Poland and the League of Nations. While losing this land, the German Government lost the expense pay from it. The expense pay could have assisted with paying the reparations of  £6,600 million, which was additionally a term of the Treaty of Versailles. We will compose a custom article test on Why was there a financial emergency in Germany in 1923 explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Why was there a monetary emergency in Germany in 1923 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Why was there a monetary emergency in Germany in 1923 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Purposes behind the monetary emergency, including the Treaty of Versailles were momentary causes since they happened out of nowhere, instead of over an extensive stretch of time. The land lost contained 14% of arable farmland. It created food and work for the encompassing zone. There was currently even less food, making the issue of food deficiencies much more dreadful. This land additionally contained 74% of Germanys iron metal, 68% of her zinc mineral and 26% of her coal-a large portion of the countrys riches. Germany couldn't stand to pay her reparations. This was connected to the attack of the Ruhr. The Treaty of Versailles additionally implied that Germany needed to diminish its military to 100,000 men. As France no longer felt as unequivocally under danger by the German armed force and needed their reparations settled up, they felt that they could attack the Ruhr. The Ruhr is the most industrialized piece of Germany. Poincarre, the French chief, sent in five divisions of French officers to procure the reparations they were owed. A division of Belgian fighters went along with them. They expected to assume responsibility for the German industrial facilities and mines around there. All products created would be dispatched off to France, until the reparations owed to the French were paid. This was a momentary reason to the monetary emergency, as it just occurred over only days and weeks, in contrast to swelling, which was happening for quite a long time. Germany could never really stop this. This made Germany embarrassed, particularly subsequent to losing the War and concurring with the details of the Treaty of Versailles too. The Government requested uninvolved obstruction. The French had nobody to work for them as the Ruhr laborers were requested to take to the streets. They were requested to decline to co-work with the occupiers. The French at that point kicked 150,000 German laborers out of the Ruhr. They fled as outcasts. This created one more issue for the previously enduring Government and individuals of Germany. How might they stand to take care of, dress and house the evacuees? All their cash was at that point being utilized to pay reparations, how might they manage the cost of this? These issues were explained, however by causing another issue. It appeared that the best way to conquer the issue of the displaced people was to print more cash. The cash available for use currently was developing incredibly and the average cost for basic items was expanding. The monetary emergency was an endless loop, by taking care of one issue they were making another. It appeared just as it was never going to end. In spite of the fact that there were numerous foundations for the monetary emergency, I accept that one had a greater effect than the others. The Great War, the expenses of which were cosmic, both during and after. The War expanded the impact of swelling, as the Government printed more notes to attempt to adapt to the issues the War was bringing, in this manner diminishing the worth and exacerbating issues. After the War, the Treaty of Versailles delivered numerous troubles. The entirety of the issues brought about by this connected with one another and afterward back to swelling. The German monetary emergency was unavoidable on the grounds that the Government didn't realize that falling off of the Gold Standard would cause expansion it would occur, they figured it would be better, not more regrettable. They couldn't have forestalled the Treaty of Versailles as they lost the War. They didnt intentionally lose the War to cause themselves problems,the issues were inescapable. The monetary emergency was in the works, Germany couldn't have halted it!

Cameron Mackintosh's contribution to the development of the Essay

Cameron Mackintosh's commitment to the advancement of the megamusical - Essay Example This paper further features the inheritance of Mackintosh’s change of melodic performance center through the expanding significance connected to the promoting of megamusicals; which thus has fuelled banter regarding the repercussions of the megamusical for the melodic as a work of art rather than a corporate controlled cash spinner. In considering Mackintosh’s commitment to the megamusical, it is basic to consider the contemporary system for the matter of theater creation in London’s West End and Broadway. For instance, in the event that we relevantly consider the auditorium advertise in the West End, late hit appears from the Sound of Music to Joseph have driven the inversion in fortune of West End theaters, which had endured a pattern in declining ticket income and benefits in the most recent decade. In January 2008, the Society of London Theater reported a record breaking year in 2007 with more than 13.6 million theatergoers creating all out tickets deals of nearly  £470 million, passing the  £400 million imprint just because. Besides, the Society’s Chief official Richard Pulford refered to the income measurements as a â€Å"annus mirabilis† for London theater, expressing that â€Å"these figures are a great beginning to our centennial year however we’re under no fantasies that we’re must make a solid effort to keep up this success† (Maev Kennedy., 2008).

Strategic Change Management in Larnaca General Hospital Assignment

Key Change Management in Larnaca General Hospital - Assignment Example The medical clinic was set up in the year 1984 (Larnaca General Hospital, 2012). The emergency clinic has been based upon the land which has a place with the â€Å"Church Committee of the Monastery of St. George Kontos†. Church board gave the land to medical clinic authority during mid 1980’s. Service of Health gave a gift to emergency clinic expert so as to manufacture the social insurance unit. The emergency clinic was opened on 24th April 1985 by Spyros Kyprianou (previous leader of Cyprus during that time). Financing Situation Various philanthropic associations, for example, Anti-Cancer Society of Cyprus and Cyprus Association of Cancer Patients and Ministry of Health will give a store to bosom wellbeing focus of Larnaca general clinic. There won't be some other partners aside from referenced charitable associations. Statement of purpose In understanding with the Directorate of Nursing Services the medical clinic makes progress toward improving nursing care consiste ntly. As indicated by the directorate, they need valuable collaboration just as interest from medical attendants during troublesome and complex social insurance circumstance so as to accomplish the mission objective. Change Situation Breast Health Center Breast malignancy has developed as a poisonous sickness for ladies in most recent fifteen years and measurements show that in the nation of Cyprus number of ladies influenced by bosom disease has been expanded pointedly as of late. There are three significant malignant growth avoidance activities, for example, Anti-Cancer society, Cyprus Association of Cancer Patients and Friends are available in the nation. In the locale of Larnaca, there are no extraordinary communities for watching beginning indications of bosom malignancy in spite of the fact that it is an approach to forestall the illness in beginning times. It is exceptionally elusive precise and legitimate medicinal services information of the Cypriot populace because of seve re government rules. A report distributed by CYSTAT or Statistical Service of Cyprus shows that various ladies kicking the bucket because of bosom malignancy are generally high as opposed to different illnesses. The factual report shows that over 32% of ladies are experiencing bosom malignancies. The accompanying chart can be utilized so as to comprehend the seriousness of bosom disease in the nation. (Source: Golna et al., 2004) The Larnaca General Hospital needs to set up bosom wellbeing focus so as to diminish pressure and apprehension related with starter phases of bosom malignant growth. The investigation shows that 1109 Cypriot ladies were determined to have bosom malignant growth during the timespan of 1999-2005. The examination additionally shows that almost 400 instances of bosom malignancy are accounted for by ladies while 90% of cases get enlisted by clinic authorities. In spite of the fact that malignancy patients get treatment from Bank of Cyprus Oncology Center of Nico sia not many individuals in Larnaca area have the entrance to such offices.

Issue Analysis Essay Topics - How to Choose a Topic That Will Help You Find Your Focus

Issue Analysis Essay Topics - How to Choose a Topic That Will Help You Find Your FocusWhen you are writing your issue analysis essay topics you will need to do some research. In order to be able to do this you need to be able to recognize the most current issues affecting society. Once you have identified the current issues that you will be writing about, you will then need to do a little research on them to determine the value of the information that you will be providing.You should also realize that you will not be writing a term paper for an exam so your essay topic needs to be very focused. Remember that your essay topic will be on issues that you will be discussing in your academic career and it is important that you do not get distracted by the idea of writing a term paper or getting a grade for an essay.There are two basic types of issue analysis essay topics that you will need to know about: statistical analysis and biographical and historical data. Before you begin writing, it is important that you understand what each of these topics entails. As an example, a topic on statistical analysis covers many topics such as trend lines, distributions, indicators, how to interpret them, probabilities, and regression analysis. This type of topic will be easy to write because you will be reviewing several examples which you can use to help define the issue you are writing about.Research and investigation are also essential when writing about statistical analysis and research. You will need to include details such as why you chose the statistics you used, how you determined the data, and what exactly you found out from your research. After you have finished researching and are done with the first part of your topic, you will need to add details to your research based on the findings. Although it may seem tedious at first, it is important that you keep up with the topic you are writing so that you don't get confused when you go back to read your paper.Next, you wil l need to consider whether or not you are qualified to give your opinion on the topic that you are writing about. If you do not feel qualified to write about a particular topic, it is important that you find a topic that you can write about it well. However, if you do feel that you have an understanding of the subject matter and have a good idea of the perspective of the people involved, you can write about it and you will most likely be confident in your opinions.It is also important that you are clear about what you are going to write about when you are writing about an issue. Do not overstate your points, but do remember that you are only writing about a single issue. The goal is to provide information so you can provide ideas and discuss the issues with others. In addition, do not mention any other details about the issue, such as where you learned your information about the issue.When you are writing about issue analysis essay topics, you will find that you have a lot of readin g material to use. Although you will find this information useful, the one thing that you should not do is to plagiarize. If you do, you will find that your professor will be annoyed at you will not be able to maintain good grades.

The Raft of the Medusa and the Roots of Romanticism

The transition from Neoclassicism to Romanticism arose from a desire for freedom of thought. Romantics truly believed that the pathway to freedom was through imagination rather than logic and functioned based on emotion rather than on cognition. The Romantic Movement recognized passion and sentiment as genuine sources of aesthetic experience, and placed a new emphasis on sensations such as apprehension, awe, horror and the sublimity of untamed nature. Thà ©odore Gà ©ricault, who is most famously known for The Raft of the Medusa, was a prominent French painter and one of the most influential pioneers of the Romantic Movement. In The Raft of the Medusa, Gà ©ricault, unlike most artists during this stylistic time period, rejected the Neoclassical†¦show more content†¦In addition, because Gà ©ricault studied the human anatomy very closely throughout his lifetime, he was able to outline the passengers’ bodies in The Raft of the Medusa with intricacy. Ultimately, Gà © ricault was able to configure the passengers’ precise muscle definitions and skin tones through his meticulous use of oil, pigment, chalk, varnish and wax (â€Å"Gà ©ricault’s Expenses† 638). In addition, the dimensionality and accurate portioning of the humans’ bodies enhances the scene’s intensity. This Romantic appreciation for histrionics and naturalism greatly differs from the ideals supported during the Neoclassical Period. The Neoclassical Period renewed an admiration for the classical antiquity, which incorporated the subjects of ancient art. For example, in comparison to Angelica Kauffman’s Mother of the Gracchi, the skin definition and tone differences are evident. In Kauffman’s piece, the characters display unnaturally smooth and relatively undefined complexions. However, in The Raft of the Medusa, the characters exhibit defined, and properly positioned and configured bodies in relation to another. Thus, Gà ©ricaultâ€⠄¢s appreciation of human anatomy and configuration creates a naturalistic and lifelike scene within the painting. In The Raft of the Medusa, the most crucial aspect in relation to Romanticism is the incorporation of intense emotion as an authentic source of

Essay on Analyzing the Details of Friendship - 2497 Words

Who is a friend? Imagine your sole confidante, childhood playmate, personal comedian and physiologist disclosing your secrets to a stranger. Unfortunately, this stranger happens to be the person who enforce a form of punishment for the actions that were once a secret. Furthermore, this confidante is considered your friend. Does an instance of this friend disclosing your secret of immoral activities to a person of authority violate the success of the friendship? In fact, this act is not a violation of the laws of friendship. The ideas of friendship are subjective, and thus where you might think your friend’s actions are unjust, your friend is actually looking out for your best interest and security. Also, a good friend would not desire†¦show more content†¦Aristotle highlighted the importance of friendship through various practices and concepts, such as utility and virtue. Virtuous practices were believed to enhance the friendship and encourage happiness among the participants (Kraut 6 4). Unfortunately, a friend whose behavior and practices are malevolent causes a rift in the practice of Aristotle’s principles. Therefore, to preserve the friendship and to protect one’s friend, one must do all that is possible to cease his or her friend’s actions. The pleasures gained from enjoying another’s company in a friendship vary in age, gender and, even more specifically, in individuals. Where a young child may experience a strong liking for his or her companion’s presence on multiple occasions, an adult will be content with one solid interaction. The transition from childhood to adulthood also alters the level of comfort one feels within a friendship. As one ages, one becomes more sensitive to the actions of those around them and will quickly eliminate a friend if his or her doings are not favored. 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Religion Was a Central Topic of Debate free essay sample

The central meaning of the word ‘religion’ is in fact simply the way in which shared beliefs, established regulations, rules, or bonds of obligation among the members of a community’. Based on this definition, religion provides people with a form of rules in which they have to lead their lives by. It also provides them with a sense of unity as the very act of communal worship, which involves expressing their faith in common beliefs and values (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 397), raises their awareness of their similar situations and strengthens the bonds between them (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. ). However, not all social theorists will agree with the definition as their view of religion may differ. Therefore, this will lead me to outline in my essay the views that some classical social theorists held towards religion. Those that I will be focusing on, will me Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. The reason being is, these three theorists have proposed some influential ideas about religion, and analyzing their work will enable me to understand the way in which they viewed religion, and what they thought the purpose of religion was. To do this, I will first provide an explanation for why religion was an important theme for the three. Following that, I will concentrate on Marx and Durkheim, by comparing their definitions of religion and their analysis of its function. All three theorists were sociologist writing in the 19th century, and they knew that religion played a big part in society (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 409). However, religion was an important theme to them for different reasons. For Marx, religion was important to him as he believed that religion was one of the institutions which maintained a capitalist rule (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 2). He argued that it acted as an ideology which helped hide and legitimize capitalist exploitation (Kirby et al, 2000, p. 440). It leads those who are suffering in false direction, as it hides the true nature of society and the real reasons for why they are suffering (Kirby et al, 2000, p. 440). It was also important to him as it believed it acted as an agent of soc ial control; it kept people in their place. It did this by upholding the existing system of exploitation and reinforcing class relationships (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 400). Religion was an important theme for Durkheim, as he believed religion was the source of everything social. He didn’t think that everything social was religious, but he did believe that social bonds were created through religion. Durkheim showed this by examining the aboriginal religion, which he called Totemism. He argued that within their clans, the symbols that bonded them together and created a sense of unity was predominately a religious symbol (Allan, 2010, p. 112-113). Lastly, religion was an important theme for Weber as he believed it was a conservative force. He argued that societies developed differently partly because of the ‘religious beliefs and ideas about ethical conduct of their members were different’. Therefore, religious beliefs and movements can help produce social change (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 19). Weber’s idea of social change was based on a protestant religion, called Calvinism. He argued it created the social condition which made the western part of the world ready for a capitalist economic society (Kirby et al, 2000, p. 442). He suggested the work ethic produced by the Calvinists lead to the spirit of capitalism. Calvinism was based on the idea of the elect; which was before birth god had selected those for salvation. As not everyone was part of the elect they believed a sign from god, indicated whether they were part of the elect or not. If an individual worked hard and became rich, this was a sign that they were chosen. This way of life was part of the protestant ethic, ‘a lifestyle based on religious beliefs which lead to a very specific form of social action – economic activity’ (Kirby et al, 2000, p. 442). As stated in my introduction, the theorists that I have chosen to look at in more depth are Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. My reason for choosing these two theorists is because their perspective on religion has its differences and similarities. They both see religion as a conservative force believing it has lead to a little help in promoting social change. They both believe that religion acts as a form of social control, helping to maintain social order. However, while Durkheim would argue that religion is in the best interest of the whole of society, Marx would disagree and argue that religion is used to support a social structure which benefits the rich and harms the poor (Marsh et al, 2009, p. 652), in other words religion upholds ruling class ideology. Therefore for Durkheim religion is based on consensus and for Marx, it’s based on conflict. In terms of defining religion Durkheim holds a substantive approach. By adopting a substantive definition, religion is being defined in terms of supernatural beliefs or things which are defined as sacred (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 396). For Durkheim the key to religious belief is that it relates to things that society’s members define as sacred (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 5). As you will see in his definition there is no mention of a supernatural or God as he argues the notion of a God cannot be included in the definitions. This is because there are many belief systems that are considered as a religion, but does not require the concept of a God (Allan, 2010, p. 116). Durkheim defines religion in terms of the sacred and the profane, he argues that all societies divide the world into two categories, and religion is based upon this division (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 396). He therefore defines religion as ‘a unified system of beliefs and practices related to scared things, that is to say things set apart and forbidden – beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a church, all those who adhere them’ (Marsh et al, 2009, p. 56). He may have used the term ‘Church’, but his definition was intended to apply beyond Christianity (Marsh et al, 2009, p. 656). In order for Durkheim to determine the role that religion played in society, he approached religion from an analysis of its primitive form (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 410), by studying the r eligion of the Australian Aborigines, which he called Totemism. He argued that the people within the aborigine society were divided into several clans; a clan was like an extended family, whose members shared various duties and obligations. For example all the clans had rules of exogamy – one was marrying members within your own clan was prohibited (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008 396). Within each clan there was a strong basis of social solidarity, as the clan felt an attachment to one another (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 410). Each clan identified themselves with a particular animal or plant, this was their emblem or, which Durkheim called it a totem, and it symbolized their clam (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 410). The totem is regarded as sacred, so it is then represented by drawings made on wood and stone. The drawings made are called churingas, and churingas are at least sacred as the species they represent (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 397. This led Durkheim to argue ‘sacredness is not a function of the object, sacredness is something is something that is placed upon the object’ (Allan, 2010, p. 116). So in relation to the totem, Durkheim states that the totem as itself has no importance, as it is just an object, but it is however a material expression of something else. The totem is the outward form of something seen as divine or highly important, this can be referred to as a god. Secondly it is the symbol of the clan or society, as it is a sign of their identity (Marsh et al, 2009, p. 656) From this distinction, Durkheim wondered isn’t these two things connected. He then carried on to say ‘if the totem is the symbol of both the god and the society, is this not because the god and the society are the same, (Durkheim, 1912/1995 cited in Allan, 2010, p. 118). Therefore he suggested by worshipping God, people are actually worshiping society. Durkheim strongly believed that without the shared ideas and moral beliefs that formed the collective science social life was impossible. If they ceased to exist in society would be corrupt, as there would be no social order, no social solidarity or no social control. Therefore society would not survive (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 392). From this Durkheim argued that religion acted as an agent which reinforced the collective sense. He also carried on to say, that by worshipping society, it provided strength for the moral beliefs and values that formed the basis of social life, and by defining them as sacred religion provided greater power and direct human actions (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, 397). He also claims that that in worshipping society people is now recognizing the importance of the social group (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 397), and realize as individuals they are insignificant, but as a group they are strong. In this respect religion creates unity and therefore a function of religion of religion is to strengthen social solidarity (Pilkington, et al, 2008, p. 7) In contrast to Durkheim’s view on religion, Marx held a more negative stance; his view is based on conflict. This is because he saw a basic conflict of interest between two classes, which where the bourgeoisies and the proletariats (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 2). Marx’s defines religion as an ‘instrument of dominance and oppression which keeps the proletariats in its place’ (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 12). He then carries on to say that religion is an illusion which is thought, by the proletariats, to ease the pain caused by exploitation and oppression (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 399). In terms of the role that religion plays in society; Marx argued that religion lead people into false direction as the ‘hope and solutions it promises are all false illusions’. Therefore religion acts as an ideology, which helps maintain the ruling class power. It conceals and disguises the true nature of reality. In a way which benefits the ruling class (Pilkington et al, 2008, p. 13). With religion being am an ideology, it blinds people from the oppression of the class system. In part this is what Marx means when he say religion is ‘the opium of the people’ (Allan, 2010, p. 89). He argues that religion acts as an opiate which dulls the pain brought up oppression (Haralambos and Holborn 2008, p. 399). Marx says ‘religious distress is at the same time the expression of real distress and the protest against real distress. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, just as it is the spirit of a spiritless situation. It is the opium of the people’ (Marx and Engels 1955 cited in Marsh et al 2009, p. 653) Ways in which religion dulls the pain of oppression; is that it promises eternal life in heaven after death, it justifies people poverty, by saying they will be rewarded with riches for their suffering in the afterlife, and it can also justify the social order and a person position within society (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 00). Form Marx’s viewpoint religion doesn’t just suppress the effects of oppression; it is also a tool of oppression. It acts as an agent of social control by maintaining the ‘existing system of exploitation and reinforcing class relationships’ In other words it keeps people in their place, which promotes social order. It stops those in the subject class from rebelling. Marx also argues that the ruling class takes on religious beliefs to justify their position within society to themselves and others (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008, p. 00). To conclude you can see that regardless of the outcome all three theorists believed that religion played a major part in society. However the only that believed that religion will not be completely wiped out by modern science was Durkheim. Like Comte, Durkheim saw that traditional religions will no longer exists in society. However he did believe that new forms of religion will evolve which were more compatible with scientific knowledge, and with the structure of complex advanced ocieties this new idea of religion that Durkheim argued will replace traditional religions is based around the idea of individualism (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 409, 411) Marx he believed the rise in modern science meant the disappearance of traditional religions, as the supernatural aspects of religious beliefs were incompatible with the modern science knowledge. This claim is linked to the idea of secularization of modern society. Weber however believed that religion would completely disappear; this meant that individual will then be no longer to make any sense of their lives (Fulcher and Scott, 2007, p. 09). One question we could ask is that has the role of religion in society changed? Do these theories of religion still apply to society? Whether it has changed or not, religion still plays a major part in society as new for m of religion have evolved over time, such as scientology. Bibliography Allan, K (2010), Explorations in Classical Social Theory. Second Edition. Thousand Oaks, Calif, London: Pine Forge Fulcher, J. and Scott, J (2007), Sociology. Third Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press Haralambos, M. nd Holborn, S (2008), Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. Seventh Edition. London: Collins Marsh, I. Keating, M. Punch, S. and Harden, J. (2009), Sociology: Making sense of society. Fourth Edition. Harlow: Longman Pilkington, A. Taylor, P and Yeo, A. (2008) Sociology in Focus. Forth Edition. Pearson Education Limited Kirby, M. Kidd, W. Koubel, F. Barter, J. Hope, T. Kirton, A. Madry, N. Manning, P. Triggs, K. (2000) Sociology in Perspective. First Edition. Heinemann Educational